Unraveling the spatiotemporal spread of COVID-19 in Brazil through spatial network connectivity
This article has been Reviewed by the following groups
Listed in
- Evaluated articles (ScreenIT)
Abstract
Background
Describing and understanding the process of diffusion can allow local managers better plan emergence scenarios. Thus, the main aim of this study was to describe and unveil the spatiotemporal patterns of diffusion of the COVID-19 in Brazil from February 2020 until April 2021.
Methods
This is a retrospective purely observational ecologic study including all notified cases and deaths. We used satellite-derived night light imagery and spatiotemporal Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis to quantify the spatial network structure of lighted development and the spatiotemporal transmission of the pathogen through the network.
Results
The more populous state capitals within the largest network components presented higher frequency of deaths and earlier onset compared to the increasing numbers of smaller, less populous municipalities trending toward lower frequency of deaths and later onset. By week 48 2020, the full network was almost completely affected. Cases and deaths showed a distinct second wave of wider geographic expansion beginning in early November 2020.
Conclusions
The spatiotemporal diffusion in Brazil was characterized by an intertwined process of overseas relocation, hierarchical network transmission and contagious effects. A rapid response as the immediate control of all ports, airports and borders combined with mandatory quarantine are critical to retard disease diffusion.
Article activity feed
-
SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.16.21266414: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Epidemiologic and population data: All epidemiologic data used in this analysis are publicly available and aggregated by geographic unit, municipality of residence not including identifiable individual information, eliminating the need for approval by an ethics committee, as there is no violation of confidentiality. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the …SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.16.21266414: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Epidemiologic and population data: All epidemiologic data used in this analysis are publicly available and aggregated by geographic unit, municipality of residence not including identifiable individual information, eliminating the need for approval by an ethics committee, as there is no violation of confidentiality. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Some limitations of this study deserve attention. As all studies based on secondary data, our analysis may be biased due to the delay in reporting the first case or death of the municipality, which can affect the temporal dimension of the network analysis. However, if the delay occurred more in the smaller municipalities, the order of the diffusion has likely not been affected.
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 21. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
-
