COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in a College Setting

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Abstract

Objective

Assess the impact of the pandemic on STI (sexually transmitted infections) testing in a college health setting.

Design

Exploratory analysis of the number of STI tests done, positive rates for those tests and of percentage of “compliance to follow-up” from March to December 2020 and its comparison with historical data at the University Health Services, UW-Madison.

Sample

students’ STI tests during the analyzed period.

Measurement

Observed (2020) vs Expected (2015-2019, average) number of STI tests, positive rate, compliance to follow-up testing for STIs.

Results

There was a significant decrease in the number of tests done and increase of positive rate when compared to historical for total sample and per sex. There was a decrease in the percentage of follow-up for the entire sample and females and an increase for males.

Conclusions

Considering the three outcomes assessed, we observe an impact in STI testing during the pandemic. In concordance with national data, our analysis shows significant declines in STI testing and follow-up during 2020 compared to previous years and an increase in positivity rate. The finding of higher positivity with lower number of tests is likely due to triaging patients, facilitating testing for those at highest risk of infection.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.10.08.21264716: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the protocol.
    Sex as a biological variableWe reported total data for number of STI tests done, positive rate for STI and percentage of compliance and we then assessed female and male reports separately for all three outcomes.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    To measure number of tests done, positive rate, and compliance to follow up testing for STIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, we used: Definitions:
    Definitions
    suggested: None

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Overall, given the changes in access to routine clinical health services based on clinic limitations as well as studies demonstrating hesitancy on behalf of patients related to COVID-19, the finding of reduced testing is expected. Positive STI rates increased for both males and females.22 When analyzed by sex, historical data shows the percentage of positivity was higher in male students, consistent with males more often testing because of symptoms.24 Additionally, the finding of higher positivity with lower number of tests overall is likely due to triaging of patients and recommendation and facilitation of testing for those at highest risk of infection, including those with symptoms, known contact, or sexual behaviors associated with higher risk for infections. While appearing that we had a more efficient means of testing given the increased positivity rate in setting of reduced testing overall, it is likely that by adhering to the triaging, which was in line with CDC guidance at the time, many asymptomatic infections were missed. Many of these screens often occur during the context of wellness visits, which were primarily completed through telehealth at UHS during this time period. These asymptomatic infections are especially common in women, as well as typical of extragenital site infections, which make up the majority of chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in MSM.7 These infections can be associated with serious outcomes, such as PID and infertility in women and an increas...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.