Effectiveness of vaccination in preventing severe SARS CoV-2 infection in South India-a hospital-based cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Background & objectives

Establishing concrete evidence on the effect of vaccination on the severity of SARS CoV-2 infections in real-world situations is the need of the hour. This study aims to estimate the effectiveness of Covid 19 vaccines in preventing the new and severe SARS CoV-2 infections.

Design

Cross-sectional study

Setting& Participants

We did this cross-sectional study among the 4565 patients consecutive adult inpatients admitted in the Covid 19 wards of a tertiary care hospital from May 7, 2021, to October 7, 2021, during the second wave of the Covid 19 pandemic. Information on basic demographic variables, RT PCR status, vaccination status, outcome and clinical severity of illness were obtained from the electronic hospital patient records.

Results

Only 4% of the study participants had prior vaccination. The type of vaccine and number of doses didn’t have any protective effect against the new SARS CoV-2 infection and breakthrough infection. Fully vaccinated RTPCR positive patients had an 82% reduction in the need for ICU admission (OR 0.09; AOR 0.18, CI (0.04 to 0.8), P <0.05) and a non-significant 79% in mortality (OR 0.19; AOR 0.21, CI (0.04 to 1.1) P>0.05).

Conclusion

Vaccination doesn’t protect against new SARS Cov-2 infection and breakthrough infection however significant protection was documented against severe SARS Cov-2 infection. The protective effect shown by the vaccines in preventing the severe form of SARS Cov-2 infection among fully vaccinated patients was 82%. Vaccination coverage should be increased urgently to halt the impending wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.09.17.21263670: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Ethicsnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    No key resources detected.


    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Limitation: The proportion of vaccinated and fully vaccinated patients were low in our study. Explicit research with more sample size and negative case-control study is quintessential to corroborate the findings.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.