Algorithm for the Quantitation of Variants of Concern for Rationally Designed Vaccines Based on the Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 Hawaiʻi Lineage B.1.243
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Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 worldwide emergence and evolution has resulted in variants containing mutations resulting in immune evasive epitopes that decrease vaccine efficacy. We acquired clinical samples, analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes, used the most worldwide emerged spike mutations from Variants of Concern/Interest, and developed an algorithm for monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platform. The algorithm partitions logarithmic-transformed prevalence data monthly and Pearson’s correlation determines exponential emergence. The SARS-CoV-2 genome evaluation indicated 49 mutations. Nine of the ten most worldwide prevalent (>70%) spike protein changes have r- values >0.9. The tenth, D614G, has a prevalence >99% and r -value of 0.67. The resulting algorithm is based on the patterns these ten substitutions elucidated. The strong positive correlation of the emerged spike protein changes and algorithmic predictive value can be harnessed in designing vaccines with relevant immunogenic epitopes. SARS-CoV-2 is predicted to remain endemic and continues to evolve, so must SARS-CoV-2 monitoring and next-generation vaccine design.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.18.455536: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding After observing significant CPE at 48 hours, supernatant was blind passaged three times in the Vero E6 cells. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources After observing significant CPE at 48 hours, supernatant was blind passaged three times in the Vero E6 cells. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Briefly, on the day of the assay, DMEM in 10% FBS was removed from wells with Vero cells, wells were washed twice with serum-free DMEM, and inoculated with multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.1 and 1 virus isolates diluted in 500 µL … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.08.18.455536: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding After observing significant CPE at 48 hours, supernatant was blind passaged three times in the Vero E6 cells. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources After observing significant CPE at 48 hours, supernatant was blind passaged three times in the Vero E6 cells. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Briefly, on the day of the assay, DMEM in 10% FBS was removed from wells with Vero cells, wells were washed twice with serum-free DMEM, and inoculated with multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.1 and 1 virus isolates diluted in 500 µL DMEM in 2% FBS and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for two hours. Verosuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources All qRT-PCR and Genomic Equivalence data were analyzed and visualized using GraphPad Prism 9 Version 9.2.0. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)WGS was conducted by the ASGPB Core, UHM. WGSsuggested: NoneTrimmed result quality was confirmed with FASTQC. FASTQCsuggested: (FastQC, RRID:SCR_014583)The trimmed-paired-end reads were then mapped to the NC_045512 reference genome using Bowtie223 and variants called with samtools mpileup24 and transformed from VCF to FASTQ using bcftools and vcfutils25 and finally converted to FASTA using seqtk. samtoolssuggested: (SAMTOOLS, RRID:SCR_002105)The SNPs were inputted into the SnapGene sequence feature and Nextclade45 to determine amino acid substitutions (AAS). SnapGenesuggested: (SnapGene, RRID:SCR_015052)14 Pearson’s was calculated using RStudio version 1.3.1093 (R version 4.0.3) and plotted with the ggplot2 package. RStudiosuggested: (RStudio, RRID:SCR_000432)ggplot2suggested: (ggplot2, RRID:SCR_014601)Separately, the following search parameter was used in PubMed to locate in silico studies predicting vaccine epitopes to SARS-CoV-2: “((B-cell) OR (B cell)) AND ( PubMedsuggested: (PubMed, RRID:SCR_004846)All predicted epitopes able to be searched and defined with SnapGene’s “Find Protein Sequence” feature were included. SnapGene’ssuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your code and data.
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:
Identifier Status Title NCT04360551 Recruiting Pilot Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Telmisart… Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
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- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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