Comparative profiles of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific human milk antibodies elicited by mRNA- and adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines
This article has been Reviewed by the following groups
Listed in
- Evaluated articles (ScreenIT)
Abstract
Numerous COVID-19 vaccines are authorized globally. To date, ∼71% of doses are comprised of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, and ∼17% the Moderna/NIH vaccine, both of which are mRNA-based. The chimpanzee Ad-based Oxford/AstraZeneca (AZ) vaccine comprises ∼9%, while the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen (J&J) human adenovirus (Ad26) vaccine ranks 4 th at ∼2% [1]. No COVID-19 vaccines are yet available for children 0-4. One method to protect this population may be passive immunization via antibodies (Abs) provided in the milk of a lactating vaccinated person. Our early work [2] and other reports [3-5] have demonstrated that unlike the post-SARS-CoV-2 infection milk Ab profile, which is rich in specific secretory (s)IgA, the vaccine response is highly IgG-dominant. In this report, we present a comparative assessment of the milk Ab response elicited by Pfizer, Moderna, J&J, and AZ vaccines. This analysis revealed 86% -100% of mRNA vaccine recipient milk exhibited Spike-specific IgG endpoint titers, which were 12 – 28-fold higher than those measured for Ad vaccine recipient milk. Ad-based vaccines elicited Spike-specific milk IgG in only 33%-38% of recipients. Specific IgA was measured in 52%-71% of mRNA vaccine recipient milk and 17%-23% of Ad vaccine recipient milk. J&J recipient milk exhibited significantly lower IgA than Moderna recipients, and AZ recipients exhibited significantly lower IgA titers than Moderna and Pfizer. <50% of milk of any group exhibited specific secretory Ab, with Moderna recipient IgA titers measuring significantly higher than AZ. Moderna appeared to most frequently elicit >2-fold increases in specific secretory Ab titer relative to pre-vaccine sample. These data indicate that current Ad-based COVID-19 vaccines poorly elicit Spike-specific Ab in milk compared to mRNA-based vaccines and that mRNA vaccines are preferred for immunizing the lactating population. This study highlights the need to design vaccines better aimed at eliciting an optimal milk Ab response.
Article activity feed
-
-
SciScore for 10.1101/2021.07.19.21260794: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Mount Sinai Hospital (IRB Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources All statistical tests were performed in GraphPad Prism, were 2-tailed, and significance level was set at p-values < 0.05. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the …SciScore for 10.1101/2021.07.19.21260794: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Mount Sinai Hospital (IRB Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources All statistical tests were performed in GraphPad Prism, were 2-tailed, and significance level was set at p-values < 0.05. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 17. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
-