Present knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear level of Bangladeshi people towards covid-19 after a year of the pandemic situation: a web-based cross-sectional study
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Abstract
In the earlier phase of the pandemic situation, the governments of Bangladesh badly suffered to adhere their people to preventive measures probably due to less knowledge and attitude towards covid-19. To tackle the second wave of coronavirus, the governments again enforced an array of preventive measures, but still encountering the same problem after a year of the pandemic situation. In an attempt to find out the reasons behind this, our study aimed to assess the present knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear level of the people. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 th to 25 th April 2021. A total of 402 participants met all the inclusion criteria and were considered for performing all statistical analyses (Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Multiple logistic regression, Spearman rank-order correlation). Out of 402 participants, more than 90% participants were students and all were adults aged 16 to 30. 84.6%, 65.7%, 54%, and 21.6% participants had more adequate knowledge, more positive attitude, more frequent practice, and moderate to high fear towards covid-19, respectively. Knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear were interrelated directly or indirectly. It was found knowledgeable participants were more likely to have more positive attitude (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.14-3.95, P < 0.05) and very less fear (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.02-3.82, P < 0.05). More positive attitude was found as a good predictor of more frequent practice (OR = 4.33, 95% CI = 2.66-7.04, P < 0.001), and very less fear had same negative impact on both attitude (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25-0.91, P < 0.05) and practice (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.85, P < 0.05). Our findings reflect that knowledge level has elevated but attitude level subsided, and practice level stayed same as was in the earlier phase of pandemic and people are no longer panicked.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.07.19.21260721: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: A structured questionnaire was prepared in a Google Form and a link was generated, shared with all authors and other volunteers who were instructed properly as to how well they can use this form to recruit data with adequate consent from the participants.
IRB: Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the institutional Research Ethics and the declaration of Helsinki.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Data Management and Analysis: All submitted data were automatically stored in a dynamic Microsoft excel sheet which was … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.07.19.21260721: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: A structured questionnaire was prepared in a Google Form and a link was generated, shared with all authors and other volunteers who were instructed properly as to how well they can use this form to recruit data with adequate consent from the participants.
IRB: Ethical considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the institutional Research Ethics and the declaration of Helsinki.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Data Management and Analysis: All submitted data were automatically stored in a dynamic Microsoft excel sheet which was made available offline after completion of data collection for primary data processing including data duplication-checking, data cleaning, data coding, etc. Microsoft excelsuggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)After accomplishment of data cleaning and coding, the final dataset having data of 402 respondents was entered into Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 for further data processing and doing all statistical analysis which included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis H test, Multiple logistic regression, Spearman rank-order correlation. SPSSsuggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Limitations, Strength, and Recommendation: Our study had several limitations. First, our study sample could not reflect all populations throughout the country. Second, our study could not include participants of all ages. Third, the study sample size was comparatively small. Fourth, our study followed a web-based cross-sectional study that excluded underprivileged people especially those who were not accessible to internet-based facilities. Five, we had to conduct comparatively less sensitive statistical analysis as our data were not normally distributed. As to the strength of our study, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that attempted to find out possible reasons why people are deflected from maintaining preventive measures. Future investigations should follow both community-based and web-based cross-sectional studies, collecting data from all sectors, all divisions, attempting to find out the most probable reasons behind failure to maintain all preventive measures for covid-19 prevention in a more structured way.
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a protocol registration statement.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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