The incidence and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients post-vaccination in eastern India

  1. Abhraneel Guha
  2. Aritra Chakrabarti
  3. Subhrojyoti Bhowmick
  4. Saibal Das
  5. Rahul Khandelwal
  6. Aditya Kumar
  7. Ajoy Krishna Sarkar
  8. Anupam Das
  9. Krishnangshu Ray
  10. Sujit KarPurkayastha

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Abstract

Objectives

The comparable effectiveness of Covishield and Covaxin vaccines has not been studied. We compared the effectiveness of Covishield and Covaxin vaccines against moderate to severe COVID-19.

Methods

In this retrospective observational study, we collected data of patients who were admitted with moderate to severe COVID-19. The vaccination status and comorbidities of the patients were documented. The incidence and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients was assessed. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the risk factors of in-hospital mortality.

Results

Of 294 patients, 5.1% (n=15) received Covaxin and 26.5% (n=78) received Covishield; 68.4% (n=201) patients were unvaccinated. Of patients who were vaccinated and contracted COVID-19, 24.8% (n=73) had taken the first dose and 6.8% (n=20) had taken the second dose of either vaccine. The in-hospital mortality rate was 13.6% (n=40). 24/40 (60%) people who had hospital mortality were unvaccinated.3/40(7.5%) had succumbed to death after receiving double dose of Covishield, 11/40 (27.5%) had succumbed to death after receiving single dose of Covishield, 2/40(5%) had succumbed to death after receiving single dose of Covaxin, none had reported infection after receiving second dose of Covaxin. No significant association was found with the type of vaccine and the in-hospital mortality (p=0.23). Significant associations with in-hospital mortality were found with the interval before COVID-19 disease and vaccination (OR, 3.02; p=0.01); and the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.13; p=0.02), cardiovascular diseases (OR, 2.11; p<0.001), and malignancy (OR: 2.33; p=0.0325).

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of Covaxin and Covishield in terms of the incidence of COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality. Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies had a significant association with in-hospital mortality in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.

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  1. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2021.07.15.21260265: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: This study was performed after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    All analyses were performed in SPSS version 23 (IBM, NY).
    SPSS
    suggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    New vaccines are on the way that can aid in the production of antibodies even against mutants.[9] According to Pal et al. patients with diabetes mellitus have a poor prognosis if they are infected with COVID-19, they also suggested that patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and malignancies should be prioritized for vaccination.[10] The limitations of our study include the retrospective design and the small sample size. Nonetheless, this is the first study from eastern India demonstrating the comparative effectiveness of Covaxin™ and Covishield™.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  2. Version published to 10.1101/2021.07.15.21260265v3 on medRxiv
  3. Version published to 10.1101/2021.07.15.21260265v2 on medRxiv
  4. Version published to 10.1101/2021.07.15.21260265v1 on medRxiv