Hot water extract of Arthrospira maxima (AHWE) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA virus including coronavirus SARS-CoV2, and the antivirus spray application
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Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of RNA virus outbreaks highlight the urgent need for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Arthrospira maxima has be used as a food source for a long time, and the protein or polysaccharide fractions were evidenced to have antiviral activity, therefore we examined the antiviral efficacy of hot water extract from Arthrospira maxima (AHWE), on Enterovirus 71 (EV71), Influenza virus, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus, and Coronavirus for antiviral spray application. In this study, we demonstrated that the AHWE shown 90 to 100% inhibition rate on the plaque formation of EV71, HSV-1, HSV-2, influenza virus, RSV, 229E and SARS-COV2 at virus attachment stage, and the long-lasting protection study also found while the AHWE was pre-exposed to the open air for more than 4 hours in plaque reduction assay. In addition, AHWE also had inhibitory effect on Ebola virus replication at 500 ug/ml. Finally, AHWE also shown no toxicity and skin sensitivity that imply it could be safe for future clinical use if approved by FDA. In conclusion, this study suggests that AHWE could be developed as a potential broad-spectrum antivirus spray product and therapeutic agent.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.06.06.446935: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Field Sample Permit: The studies were carried out in compliance with OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, ENV/MC/CHEM (98) 17) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 21 CFR Part 58[Study Number: R-SR-KL20180408; Study Number: R-AOT-KL20180408; Study Number: R-GPMT-KL20180408]. Sex as a biological variable Briefly, six of female SD rats were subjected into acute oral toxicity study. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources MDCK cells were used for … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.06.06.446935: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Field Sample Permit: The studies were carried out in compliance with OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, ENV/MC/CHEM (98) 17) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice Regulations, 21 CFR Part 58[Study Number: R-SR-KL20180408; Study Number: R-AOT-KL20180408; Study Number: R-GPMT-KL20180408]. Sex as a biological variable Briefly, six of female SD rats were subjected into acute oral toxicity study. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources MDCK cells were used for influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection. MDCKsuggested: CLS Cat# 602280/p823_MDCK_(NBL-2, RRID:CVCL_0422)Huh7 cells were used for 229E coronavirus infection. Huh7suggested: NoneHEp-2 cells were used for RSV infection. HEp-2suggested: CLS Cat# 300397/p694_Hep-2, RRID:CVCL_1906)Vero cells were used for HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Verosuggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)Vero-E6 cells were used for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vero-E6suggested: NonePrimary plaque reduction assay for Ebola virus: Confluent or near-confluent cell culture monolayers of African green monkey kidney (Vero CCL81) cells in 12-well disposable cell culture plates were prepared. Vero CCL81suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources The 50% cytotoxic (CC50, cell-inhibitory) concentrations were then calculated by linear regression analysis (GraphPad). GraphPadsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No funding statement was detected.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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