An AAV-ie based Vaccine effectively protects against SARS-CoV-2 and Circulating Variants

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Abstract

Prophylactic vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been extensively developed globally to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. However, recently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 limit the vaccine protection effects and successfully escape antibody cocktail treatment. Herein, based on our previously engineered adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, AAV-ie, and systematic immunogen screening, we developed an AAV-ie-S1 vaccine with thermostability, high efficiency, safety, and single-dose vaccination advantage. Importantly, the AAV-ie-S1 immune sera efficiently neutralize B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, indicating a potential to circumvent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.05.19.444889: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsEuthanasia Agents: After 2 weeks, mice were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg, i.p.) with no avoidance response to foot pinch.
    IACUC: Following imaging was performed using confocal microscope (Nikon) Mouse vaccination: The mouse study was performed under the guidance of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Shanghaitech University, China. Male BALB/c mice aging 6 – 8 weeks were used in this study.
    Sex as a biological variableFollowing imaging was performed using confocal microscope (Nikon) Mouse vaccination: The mouse study was performed under the guidance of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Shanghaitech University, China. Male BALB/c mice aging 6 – 8 weeks were used in this study.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Then, the NC membrane was incubated for 1 hour in 5% milk PBST with a 1:1,000 dilution of mouse anti-His tag antibody (Proteintech, Cat# 66005-1-lg).
    anti-His tag
    suggested: None
    The slices were then stained using rabbit anti-GFP antibody (Proteintech, Cat# 50430-2-AP) in 0.1% Triton X-100 and 1% serum in PBS overnight at 4 °C.
    anti-GFP
    suggested: (Proteintech Cat# 50430-2-AP, RRID:AB_11042881)
    After washing with PBS, sections were incubated with the Alexa-488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# A21206) (1:1000 dilution) for 2 h at room temperature.
    anti-rabbit
    suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A-21206, RRID:AB_2535792)
    After washes with PBS, HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (HRP conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG: Proteintech, Cat# SA00001-1; HRP conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG2a: Proteintech, Cat# SA00012-2; HRP conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG1: Proteintech, Cat# SA00012-1; HRP-conjugated goat anti-monkey IgG: Southern Biotech, Cat# 4700-05) were added and incubated for 1 h.
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: (Proteintech Cat# SA00012-2, RRID:AB_2890965)
    anti-mouse IgG2a
    suggested: (Gen-Probe Cat# 855.470.005, RRID:AB_10698621)
    anti-mouse IgG1
    suggested: (Gen-Probe Cat# 855.470.005, RRID:AB_10698621)
    anti-monkey IgG
    suggested: (SouthernBiotech Cat# 4700-05, RRID:AB_2796069)
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    The plasmids were transfected into HEK Expi293F cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat# A14527) using polyethylenimine (PEI) method.
    HEK Expi293F
    suggested: None
    Pseudo-virus neutralization assay: To prepare SARS-CoV-2 and related mutated pseudo-viruses, HEK-293T cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2-S or related mutants and pNL4-3.luc.
    HEK-293T
    suggested: None
    To test the neutralizing activity of immune sera against pseudo-virus, HEK293T cells stably transfected with hACE2 were seeded in 96-well culture plates at a density of 5,000 cells per well.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    Following imaging was performed using confocal microscope (Nikon) Mouse vaccination: The mouse study was performed under the guidance of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Shanghaitech University, China. Male BALB/c mice aging 6 – 8 weeks were used in this study.
    BALB/c
    suggested: RRID:IMSR_ORNL:BALB/cRl)
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    The coding sequences of S-trimer ECD (residues 1-1208) or RBD were cloned into pTT5 vector with a N-terminal IL-2 signal peptide and a C-terminal 6 × His tag.
    pTT5
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_52326)
    Pseudo-virus neutralization assay: To prepare SARS-CoV-2 and related mutated pseudo-viruses, HEK-293T cells were co-transfected with pcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2-S or related mutants and pNL4-3.luc.
    pcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2-S
    suggested: None
    pNL4-3
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Statistics: Antibody titers of ELISA assay, EC50 value of pseudo-virus neutralization assay were determined using non-linear regression analysis using Graphpad PRISM.
    Graphpad PRISM
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 10 and 21. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.