Durability of mRNA-1273-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 mutations may diminish vaccine-induced protective immune responses, and the durability of such responses has not been previously reported. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the impact of variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429, and B.1.526 on binding, neutralizing, and ACE2-blocking antibodies elicited by the vaccine mRNA-1273 over seven months. Cross-reactive neutralizing responses were rare after a single dose of mRNA-1273. At the peak of response to the second dose, all subjects had robust responses to all variants. Binding and functional antibodies against variants persisted in most subjects, albeit at low levels, for 6 months after the primary series of mRNA-1273. Across all assays, B.1.351 had the greatest impact on antibody recognition, and B.1.1.7 the least. These data complement ongoing studies of clinical protection to inform the potential need for additional boost vaccinations.

One-Sentence Summary

Most mRNA-1273 vaccinated individuals maintained binding and functional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants for 6 months.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.05.13.444010: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsConsent: Enrolled adults were healthy and provided informed consent prior to any study procedures.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomization8 subjects each were randomly chosen from participants from age cohorts 18-55, 56-70, and 71+ years of age who received two doses of 100 mcg mRNA-1273.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Cells were incubated with an anti-SARS-CoV spike primary antibody directly conjugated to biotin (CR3022-biotin) for 1 hour at room temperature.
    anti-SARS-CoV spike
    suggested: None
    CR3022-biotin
    suggested: None
    Plates are washed and Sulfo-tag labeled anti IgG antibody is applied to the wells and allowed to associate with complexed coated antigen – sample antibody within the assay wells.
    anti IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cells and Viruses: VeroE6 cells were obtained from ATCC (clone E6, ATCC, #CRL-1586) and cultured in complete DMEM medium consisting of 1x DMEM (VWR, #45000-304), 10% FBS, 25mM HEPES Buffer (Corning Cellgro), 2mM L-glutamine, 1mM sodium pyruvate, 1x Non-essential Amino Acids, and 1x antibiotics.
    VeroE6
    suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)
    VeroE6-TMPRSS2 cells were kindly provided by Drs.
    VeroE6-TMPRSS2
    suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)
    Viruses were propagated in Vero-TMPRSS2 cells to generate viral stocks.
    Vero-TMPRSS2
    suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1818, RRID:CVCL_YQ48)
    Pseudoviruses were mixed with serial dilutions of sera or antibodies and then added to monolayers of ACE2-overexpressing 293T cells (gift of Michael Farzan and Huihui Mu), in triplicate.
    293T
    suggested: CCLV Cat# CCLV-RIE 1018, RRID:CVCL_0063)
    Saponin [Sigma, 47036-250G-F] in PBS), was added to the fixed Vero cells for 20 minutes.
    Vero
    suggested: None
    Cell-surface spike binding: HEK293T cells were transiently transfected with plasmids encoding full length SARS-CoV-2 spike variants using lipofectamine 3000 (L3000-001, ThermoFisher) following manufacturer’s protocol.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    To produce SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, an expression plasmid bearing codon-optimized SARS-CoV-2 full-length S plasmid was co-transfected into HEK293T/17 cells (ATCC#CRL-11268) cells with packaging plasmid pCMVDR8.2, luciferase reporter plasmid pHR′CMV-Luc (40) and a TMPRSS2 plasmid (41).
    pCMVDR8.2 , luciferase reporter
    suggested: None
    pHR′CMV-Luc
    suggested: None
    TMPRSS2
    suggested: RRID:Addgene_53887)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    All calculations are performed within Excel and the GraphPad Prism software, version 7.0.
    Excel
    suggested: None
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    The samples were then acquired on a BD LSR Fortessa X-50 flow cytometer (BD biosciences) and analyzed using Flowjo (BD biosciences).
    Flowjo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No funding statement was detected.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.