Viral shedding and transmission after natural infection and vaccination in an animal model of SARS-CoV-2 propagation
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Abstract
At present, global immunity to SARS-CoV-2 resides within a heterogeneous combination of susceptible, naturally infected and vaccinated individuals. The extent to which viral shedding and transmission occurs on re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 after prior natural exposure or vaccination is an emerging area of understanding. We used Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) in rats to model the extent to which immune protection afforded by prior natural infection via high risk (inoculation; direct contact) or low risk (fomite) exposure, or by vaccination, influenced viral shedding and transmission on re-exposure. On initial infection, we confirmed that amount, duration and consistency of viral shedding were correlated with exposure risk. Animals were reinfected after 3.7-5.5 months using the same exposure paradigm. Amount and duration of viral shedding were correlated with re-exposure type and serologic status. 59% of seropositive animals shed virus. Previously exposed seropositive reinfected animals were able to transmit virus to 25% of naive recipient rats after 24-hour exposure by direct contact. Rats vaccinated intranasally with a related virus (Parkers Rat Coronavirus) were able to transmit SDAV to only 4.7% of naive animals after a 7-day direct contact exposure, despite comparable viral shedding. Observed cycle threshold values associated with transmission in both groups ranged from 29-36 cycles, however observed shedding was not a prerequisite for transmission. Results indicate that low-level shedding in both naturally infected and vaccinated seropositive animals can propagate infection in susceptible individuals. Extrapolated to COVID-19, our results suggest that continued propagation of SARS-CoV-2 by seropositive previously infected or vaccinated individuals is possible.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.05.11.443477: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IACUC: All animal work was conducted under an approved Yale Animal Use and Care Committee protocol. Sex as a biological variable Animals and housing: Seven-week old female and male SAS outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250g) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Randomization Remaining animals were randomly assigned direct contact, fomite contact-cohabitation, and fomite contact-singly housed groups for their second exposure. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Bound rat antibodies were detected with FITC-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch). anti-rat IgGsuggeste…SciScore for 10.1101/2021.05.11.443477: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IACUC: All animal work was conducted under an approved Yale Animal Use and Care Committee protocol. Sex as a biological variable Animals and housing: Seven-week old female and male SAS outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250g) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Randomization Remaining animals were randomly assigned direct contact, fomite contact-cohabitation, and fomite contact-singly housed groups for their second exposure. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Bound rat antibodies were detected with FITC-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch). anti-rat IgGsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Stocks of SDAV were generated in L2p176 cells [34,35]. L2p176suggested: NoneExperimental Models: Organisms/Strains Sentences Resources Animals and housing: Seven-week old female and male SAS outbred Sprague-Dawley rats (150-250g) were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Sprague-Dawleysuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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