Antibody Cocktail Exhibits Broad Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has precipitated multiple variants resistant to therapeutic antibodies. In this study, 12 high-affinity antibodies were generated from convalescent donors in early outbreaks using immune antibody phage display libraries. Of them, two RBD-binding antibodies (F61 and H121) showed high affinity neutralization against SARS-CoV-2, whereas three S2-target antibodies failed to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Following structure analysis, F61 identified a linear epitope located in residues G446 -S494, which overlapped with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding sites, while H121 recognized a conformational epitope located on the side face of RBD, outside from ACE2 binding domain. Hence the cocktail of the two antibodies achieved better performance of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, F61 and H121 exhibited efficient neutralizing activity against variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, those showed immune escape. Efficient neutralization of F61 and H121 against multiple mutations within RBD revealed a broad neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, which mitigated the risk of viral escape. Our findings defined the basis of therapeutic cocktails of F61 and H121 with broad neutralization and delivered a guideline for the current and future vaccine design, therapeutic antibody development, and antigen diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and its novel variants.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.16.440083: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    RandomizationThe library’s initial diversity was evaluated and assured by sequencing of randomly picked clones for each step of library construction and the complexity of the library was then calculated.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    After washing with PBST, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-human IgG antibody (Sigma, USA) was added at the dilution of 1:20000 and incubated at 37°C for 30min.
    30min
    suggested: None
    Then the cells were incubated with 20 μg/ml mAbs or isotype IgG mAb of hepatitis b virus (HBV), at room temperature for 1 h, followed by further incubation with anti-human IgG FITC-conjugated antibody (Sigma, USA).
    HBV
    suggested: None
    Then cells were stained with anti-mouse IgG Taxes red-conjugated antibody and anti-human IgG FITC-conjugated antibody (Sigma, USA) for another 30 min then analyzed by FACSAria II (BD, USA)
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: None
    anti-human IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cells and Viruses: Cell lines (HEK293T and VeroE6 cells) were initially acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; USA).
    VeroE6
    suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)
    EXPi293F cells were purchased from Life Technologies, USA.
    EXPi293F
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_D615)
    Afterward, HuH-7 cells were added into the plates (2×104 cells/100 µl per well), followed by 24h incubation at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2.
    HuH-7
    suggested: None
    Then mixtures were added to 2.5 × 105 HEK293T cells expressing ACE2 and incubated at 4 °C for another hour.
    HEK293T
    suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The data was analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined using 4-parameter logistic regression (GraphPad Prism version 8).
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    All of these data were analyzed using FlowJo.
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    A suitable template was obtained through a BLAST search of the Protein Databank (PDB).
    BLAST
    suggested: (BLASTX, RRID:SCR_001653)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on pages 34, 27, 28 and 29. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.