Emotional responses toward COVID-19: A longitudinal assessment of age differences
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Abstract
The current study investigates the relation between age and emotional responses and coping strategies at two moments during the spread of COVID-19 in Poland, namely the first peak (March-May 2020) and the second pick (October-December 2020). A sample of 414 individuals between the ages of 18 and 81 were asked to rate the intensity of the ‘shock’, ‘sadness’, ‘anger’, and ‘fear’ they experienced due to COVID-19 and respond to items from the Brief Cope questionnaire. The present findings demonstrate that anger was consistently less intense among older adults than younger ones. Emotion-focused coping strategies were more commonly used by younger adults than middle-aged or older ones at the first peak of the outbreak; however, this trend had reversed during the second peak of the pandemic, as the older age groups demonstrated a far greater increase in the use of this form of coping. Results indicate a greater ability to use emotional regulation among older adults than younger ones, as the former are less likely to react to a crisis through anger and more able to adapt coping mechanisms to a dynamic environment.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.21.21254050: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Consent: Measures and procedure: Respondents were informed of the purpose and scope of the study, and all provided informed consent before registering for participation.
IRB: Study was approved by the appropriate ethics review committee of the University of Economics and Human Sciences, prior to initiation.Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable As regards gender, 68.3 percent were female (n = 476) while in terms of educational attainment, 8.3 percent had completed primary school (n = 58), 40.2 percent had completed secondary school (n = 280), and the remaining 51.5 percent had undertaken tertiary … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.03.21.21254050: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Consent: Measures and procedure: Respondents were informed of the purpose and scope of the study, and all provided informed consent before registering for participation.
IRB: Study was approved by the appropriate ethics review committee of the University of Economics and Human Sciences, prior to initiation.Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable As regards gender, 68.3 percent were female (n = 476) while in terms of educational attainment, 8.3 percent had completed primary school (n = 58), 40.2 percent had completed secondary school (n = 280), and the remaining 51.5 percent had undertaken tertiary and/or postgraduate education (n = 359). Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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