Potent neutralization antibodies induced by a recombinant trimeric Spike protein vaccine candidate containing PIKA adjuvant for COVID-19

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Abstract

Neutralizing antibodies are critical to prevent corona virus infection. The structures of immunogens to elicit most potent neutralization antibodies are still under investigation. Here we tested the immunogenicity of the trimeric, full length Spike protein with 2 proline mutations to preserve its prefusion conformation. Recombinant trimeric Spike protein expressed by CHO cells was used with polyI:C (PIKA) adjuvant to immunize mice by 0-7-14 day schedule. The results showed that Spike-specific antibody was induced at day 21 with titer of more than 50,000 in average as measured by direct binding to Spike protein. The titer of neutralization reached more than 1000 in average when tested by a pseudo-virus system, using monoclonal antibodies (40592-MM57 and 40591-MM43) with neutralizing IC50 at 1 μg/ml as standards. Protein/peptide array showed that the antibodies induced by trimeric S protein vaccine bind similarly to natural infection with the receptor binding domain (RBD) as major immunodominant region. No linear epitopes were found in RBD, although several linear epitopes were found in C-terminal domain right after RBD, and heptad repeat regions. Our study supports the efficacy of recombinant trimeric Spike protein vaccine candidate for COVID-19, with excellent safety and readiness for storage and distribution in developing countries.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.17.431647: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIRB: Vaccination in mice: Animal experiments were approved by the institutional board of Tongji University School of Medicine.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    The arrays were washed with PBST and bound antibodies were detected by incubating with Cy3-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, PA, USA), which were diluted for 1: 1,000 in PBST.
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    The plasmid was transfected to 293T cells and the recombinant S protein trimers were purified by Ni-NTA (nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid) chromatography (QIAGEN, Germany), followed by size exclusion to further purify the trimers.
    293T
    suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)
    The plasmids of 9μg pHAGE-luciferase-GFP、 psPAX2 and Zhou-COVID-19-Spike were co-transfected into HEK293T cells by using 1 μg/mL polyetherimide (Polysciences, Warrington, PA) in DMEM medium containing 10% FCS.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    The mixtures of pseudo-viruses and antibodies were added to 293T/ACE2 cells.
    293T/ACE2
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_YZ65)
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    C57BL/6 mice at 6 to 8 weeks old were immunized by intramuscular injection of PIKA-S-trimer vaccine or PIKA-S-monomer vaccine.
    C57BL/6
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The absorbance was measured at 450 nm and the antibody titer was calculated with GraphPad Prism 7.0 (San Diego, CA).
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    The 50% neutralization dose was calculated using GraphPad Prism 7.0 (San Diego, CA).
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.