Risk of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among spectacles wearing population of Northern India

Abstract

Introduction

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread mainly through respiratory droplets and contact routes. Long term use of spectacles may prevent repeated touching and rubbing of the eyes. Aim of the study is to find out the protective effectiveness of the spectacles against COVID-19, if present.

Objectives

To know the association between infection with SARSCoV-2 and wearing of spectacles.

Materials and methods

In this study, 304 patients of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were selected. Their spectacles wearing behaviour were assessed through a questionnaire. Spectacles wearing behaviour of general population were obtained from older studies (for comparison). Data was put in the tabulate form and Chi- Square test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

In this study, among the 304 total patients, 58 patients showed the behavior of using spectacles continuously during day time and always on outdoor activities. While the spectacles wearing behaviour is about 40% among general Indian population. The protective effectiveness of the spectacles was found statistically significant (p-value. 00113).

Conclusion

The present study showed that the occurrence of Covid-19 was less in spectacles wearing population than the population not wearing those. The nasolacrimal duct may be a route of virus transmission from conjunctival sac to the nasopharynx.

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.12.21249710: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Institutional Review Board Statement	Consent: Among them, 304 patients were selected for the study after getting informed consent.
Randomization	For testing its reliability, 20 random patients were selected from the sample and fulfilled the questionnaire two times by the same patients, three days apart.
Blinding	not detected.
Power Analysis	not detected.
Sex as a biological variable	not detected.

Table 2: Resources

Software and Algorithms
Sentences	Resources
The software used was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for windows.	SPSS suggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share …

SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.12.21249710: (What is this?)

Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

Table 1: Rigor

Institutional Review Board Statement	Consent: Among them, 304 patients were selected for the study after getting informed consent.
Randomization	For testing its reliability, 20 random patients were selected from the sample and fulfilled the questionnaire two times by the same patients, three days apart.
Blinding	not detected.
Power Analysis	not detected.
Sex as a biological variable	not detected.

Table 2: Resources

Software and Algorithms
Sentences	Resources
The software used was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for windows.	SPSS suggested: (SPSS, RRID:SCR_002865)

Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

Results from rtransparent:

Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
No protocol registration statement was detected.

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