Recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus AdC7 expressing dimeric tandem-repeat RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protects mice against COVID-19

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Abstract

A safe and effective vaccine is urgently needed to control the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Four adenovirus vectored vaccines expressing spike (S) protein have advanced into phase 3 trials, with three approved for use. Here, we generated several recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC7) vaccines expressing S, receptor-binding domain (RBD) or dimeric tandem-repeat RBD (RBD-tr2). We found vaccination via either intramuscular or intranasal route was highly immunogenic in mice to elicit both humoral and cellular (Th1-based) immune responses. AdC7-RBD-tr2 showed higher antibody responses compared with both AdC7-S and AdC7-RBD. Intranasal administration of AdC7-RBD-tr2 additionally induced mucosal immunity with neutralizing activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Either single-dose or two-dose mucosal administration of AdC7-RBD-tr2 protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with undetectable subgenomic RNA in lung and relieved lung injury. These results support AdC7-RBD-tr2 as a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.05.429860: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: Materials: Ethics statement: All animal experiments were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the IMCAS, and conducted in compliance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the IMCAS Ethics Committee.
    IRB: Materials: Ethics statement: All animal experiments were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the IMCAS, and conducted in compliance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the IMCAS Ethics Committee.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variableFemale BALB/c mice at 6 to 8 weeks of age were immunized with 1 × 1011 vp of vaccine or sham control through the i.m. or i.n. route.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Protein samples were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE and analyzed by Western blotting with rabbit anti-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibody.
    anti-RBD
    suggested: None
    Goat anti-rabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) antibodies were used as secondary antibodies.
    anti-rabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)
    suggested: None
    Plates were incubated with goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP antibody or goat anti-mouse IgA-HRP antibody and subsequently developed with 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate.
    anti-mouse IgG-HRP
    suggested: None
    anti-mouse IgA-HRP
    suggested: None
    The cells were subsequently fixed and permeabilized in permeabilizing buffer (BD Biosciences, USA) and stained with anti-mouse anti-IFNγ (BioLegend), anti-TNFα (BioLegend), anti-IL-2 (BioLegend), anti-IL-4 (BioLegend) and anti-IL-10 (BioLegend) antibodies.
    anti-mouse anti-IFNγ ( BioLegend)
    suggested: None
    anti-TNFα
    suggested: None
    anti-IL-2
    suggested: None
    anti-IL-4
    suggested: None
    anti-IL-10
    suggested: None
    Besides, tissue sections were stained with anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibody (Sino Biological, China) to detect virus infection.
    anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    These recombinant adenovirus genomes were linearized and transfected into HEK293 cells to rescue the recombinant adenovirus, which was further propagated and purified by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation as previously described (88).
    HEK293
    suggested: CLS Cat# 300192/p777_HEK293, RRID:CVCL_0045)
    Western blot: HEK 293T cells were preplated in 6-well plate, followed by infected with 1 × 109 vp of AdC7-S, AdC7-RBD, AdC7-RBD-tr2 or AdC7-empty as sham control.
    HEK 293T
    suggested: None
    Then the mixture was transferred to pre-plated Huh7 cell monolayers in 96-well plates.
    Huh7
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    Animal protection against virus challenge: To evaluate the protection efficacy of vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2, a recombinant adenovirus Ad5-hACE2 transducing BALB/c mice model was used.
    BALB/c
    suggested: RRID:IMSR_ORNL:BALB/cRl)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The coding sequence was codon-optimized for mammalian cell expression and synthesized by GENEWIZ, China.
    GENEWIZ
    suggested: (GENEWIZ, RRID:SCR_003177)
    Graphs were generated with GraphPad Prism software.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.