In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with 0.5% povidone iodine nasal spray (Nasodine) at clinically relevant concentrations and timeframes using tissue culture and PCR based assays
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
There has been considerable speculation regarding the potential of PVP-I nasal disinfection as an adjunct to other countermeasures during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Nasodine is a commercial formulation of 0.5% PVP-I that has been evaluated for safety and efficacy in human trials as a treatment for the common cold, including a Phase III trial (ANZCTR: ACTRN12619000764134). This study presents the first report of the in vitro efficacy of this formulation against SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS
We conducted in vitro experiments to determine if the PVP-I formulation inactivated SARS-CoV-2 using two independent assays and virus isolates, and incorporating both PCR-based detection and cell culture methods to assess residual virus after exposure to the formulation.
RESULTS
Based on cell culture results, the PVP-I formulation was found to rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 isolates in vitro in short timeframes (15 seconds to 15 minutes) consistent with the minimum and maximum potential residence time in the nose. The Nasodine formula was found to be more effective than 0.5% PVP-I in saline. Importantly, it was found that the formulation inactivated culturable virus but had no effect on PCR-detectable viral RNA.
CONCLUSIONS
The PVP-I formulation eliminated the viability of SARS-CoV-2 virus with short exposure times consistent with nasal use. PCR alone may not be adequate for viral quantification in nasal PVP-I studies; future studies should incorporate cell culture to assess viral viability. Nasal disinfection with PVP-I may be a useful intervention for newly-diagnosed COVID-19 patients to reduce transmission risk and disease progression to the lower respiratory tract.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.31.426979: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources VIRUS: Vero cells (ATCC®, CRL-1587, ATCC, Manassas, Virginia) were grown in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM, Sigma-Aldrich, North Ryde, Australia, or Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri), supplemented with 1x non-essential amino acids (Gibco, Mount Waverley, Australia, or Thermo Fisher Scientific, 168 Third Avenue, Waltham, MA) and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS: Bovogen, Melbourne, Australia, or GE Healthcare … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.31.426979: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources VIRUS: Vero cells (ATCC®, CRL-1587, ATCC, Manassas, Virginia) were grown in Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM, Sigma-Aldrich, North Ryde, Australia, or Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri), supplemented with 1x non-essential amino acids (Gibco, Mount Waverley, Australia, or Thermo Fisher Scientific, 168 Third Avenue, Waltham, MA) and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS: Bovogen, Melbourne, Australia, or GE Healthcare Hyclone, Marlborough, MA). Verosuggested: NoneVero E6 cells (ATCC®, C1008) were grown in MEM/EBSS with L-Glutamine (Hyclone) supplemented with 1X non-essential amino acids (Gibco), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Sigma-Aldrich), and 5% characterized fetal bovine serum (Hyclone). Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Virus stocks were prepared by growing virus in Vero 76 cells (ATCC CRL-1587) using media supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum. Vero 76suggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:
Identifier Status Title NCT04347954 Completed PVP-I Nasal Sprays and SARS-CoV-2 Nasopharyngeal Titers (for… Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found one citation with an erratum. We recommend checking the erratum to confirm that it does not impact the accuracy of your citation.
DOI Status Title 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023118 Has correction Evaluation of the safety of live attenuated influenza vaccin… -
