Anti-CoVid19 plasmid DNA vaccine induces a potent immune response in rodents by Pyro-drive Jet Injector intradermal inoculation

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Abstract

There is an urgent need to limit and stop the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic via quick development of efficient and safe vaccination methods. Plasmid DNA vaccines are one of the most remarkable vaccines that can be developed in a short term. pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co, which is a plasmid DNA vaccine, was designed to express severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein. The produced antibodies lead to Immunoreactions against S protein, anti-receptor-binding-domain, and neutralizing action of pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co, as confirmed in a previous study. To promote the efficacy of the pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co vaccine, a pyro-drive jet injector (PJI) was employed. PJI is an injection device that can adjust the injection pressure depending on various target tissues. Intradermally-adjusted PJI demonstrated that pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co vaccine injection caused a strong production of anti-S protein antibodies, triggered immunoreactions and neutralizing actions against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, a high dose of pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co intradermal injection via PJI did not cause any serious disorders in the rat model. Finally, virus infection challenge in mice, confirmed that intradermally immunized (via PJI) mice were potently protected from COVID-19 infection. Thus, pVAX1-SARS-CoV2-co intradermal injection via PJI is a safe and promising vaccination method to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.13.426436: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: Animals received free access to food and water and were handled according to the approved protocols of the Animal Committee of Osaka University (Suita, Osaka, Japan) as No.28-021-028, the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of the Safety Research Institute for Chemical Compounds Co. Ltd. (Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan) as No. AN20200617-03 and the Animal Committee of KAC Co. Ltd. (Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan) as No. 20–0508.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variableAnimals: The rat study was performed using 7-week-old male Crl:CD (SD) rats (Charles River Laboratories Japan Inc., Kanagawa, Japan).
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    All wells were washed with PBST (200 μl/well) seven times, and incubated with 1:1000 diluted Amersham ECL anti-rat IgG horseradish peroxidase-linked species-specific whole antibody (NA935, GE Healthcare UK Limited, UK) or Amersham ECL anti-mouse IgG horseradish peroxidase-linked species-specific whole antibody (NA931, GE Healthcare UK Limited, UK) in the blocking buffer for 3 h at room temperature.
    anti-rat IgG
    suggested: (GE Healthcare Cat# NA935, RRID:AB_772207)
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: (GE Healthcare Cat# NA931, RRID:AB_772210)
    After serum incubation, the serum samples were removed and IgG subtypes were detected using the following HRP-conjugated antibodies for 3 h at room temperature; anti-IgG1 H&L (ab106753; Abcam), anti-IgG2a H&L (ab106783; Abcam).
    anti-IgG1
    suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab106753, RRID:AB_10859102)
    anti-IgG2a
    suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab106783, RRID:AB_10866498)
    ACE2 binding inhibition assay: To analyze the binding inhibition of S1+S2 and ACE2 by neutralizing antibodies in the immunized rat and mouse serum, 96-well plates were coated with human ACE2 recombinant protein (1μg/ml, mFc tag; #83986, Cell Signaling Technology), and then blocked using PBS containing 5% skim milk for 2 h at room temperature.
    ACE2
    suggested: None
    Wells were washed with PBST and then incubated with anti-His antibody conjugated with HRP (GTX21187, GeneTex, Inc., Irvine, CA) for 2 h at room temperature.
    anti-His
    suggested: None
    Sixteen weeks after the first administration, sera were collected from immunized mice and tested for antibody induction against 2019-nCoV spike protein (S1+S2) and the RBD region of the spike protein, as well as for the inhibition of binding to the recombinant hACE2 protein.
    2019-nCoV spike protein (S1+S2
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Briefly, Vero E6 cells stably expressing TMPRSS2 were seeded on 96-well plates and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h.
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    The homogenate solution was serially diluted 10 folds in DMEM containing 2% FBS and loaded on VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells to determine the value.
    VeroE6/TMPRSS2
    suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    The mouse study was performed using 8-10 weeks old C57BL/6NCrSlc mice (C57BL/6N) (Japan SLC,Inc.).
    C57BL/6NCrSlc
    suggested: None
    C57BL/6N
    suggested: RRID:MGI:5651595)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    ELISA: Precisely 1 μg/ml of recombinant 2019-nCoV spike protein (S1+S2) (ECD, His tag) (BLPSN-0986P, BETA Life Sciences, Fairfield, NJ, USA) was immobilized on a 96-well plate (442404, MAXISORP F96 NUNC Immuno-plate, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark) at 4 °C overnight.
    BETA
    suggested: (BETA, RRID:SCR_007556)
    Percentage inhibition of immunized blood serum at various time points was calculated and plotted using GraphPad Prism software, from which the neutralization titer at ID75 was derived.
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

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