Targeting Scavenger Receptor Type B-1 (SR-B1) and Cholesterol Inhibits Entry of SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus in Cell Culture
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Abstract
The novel human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has now caused a global pandemic. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is known as COVID-19. To date, few treatments for COVID-19 have proven effective, and the current standard of care is primarily supportive. As a result, novel therapeutic strategies are in high demand. Viral entry into target cells is frequently sensitive to cell membrane lipid composition and membrane organization. Evidence suggests that cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 is most efficient when the target cell plasma membrane is replete with cholesterol; and recent data implicate cholesterol flux through the high-affinity receptor for cholesterol-rich high-density lipoprotein (HDL), called scavenger receptor type B-1 (SR-B1), as critical for SARS-CoV-2 entry. Here, we demonstrate that a cholesterol-poor synthetic biologic high-density lipoprotein (HDL NP) targets SR-B1 and inhibits cell entry of a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirus. Human cells expressing SR-B1 are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and viral entry can be inhibited by 50-80% using HDL NPs in an SR-B1-dependent manner. These results indicate that HDL NP targeting of SR-B1 is a powerful potential therapy to combat COVID-19 and other viral diseases.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.12.14.420133: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Blot was washed 10 minutes (3X) in TBST (0.1% Tween-20) secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody (BioRad, 1721019) was applied (1:1000) for 1 hour at R.T. and blot was washed (3X) same as described above. anti-rabbitsuggested: (Bio-Rad Cat# 172-1019, RRID:AB_11125143)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cell culture: HEK293 cells expressing the human ACE2 receptor and HepG2 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.12.14.420133: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Blot was washed 10 minutes (3X) in TBST (0.1% Tween-20) secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody (BioRad, 1721019) was applied (1:1000) for 1 hour at R.T. and blot was washed (3X) same as described above. anti-rabbitsuggested: (Bio-Rad Cat# 172-1019, RRID:AB_11125143)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cell culture: HEK293 cells expressing the human ACE2 receptor and HepG2 cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (PenStrep). HEK293suggested: NoneSARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus production: First, 293T cells grown to ∼70-80% confluency. 293Tsuggested: NoneViral entry inhibition experiments: HepG2 and HEK293 (ACE2) cells were seeded in 24-well or 96-well tissue culture plates at 50,000 or 10,000 cells/ well, respectively. HepG2suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Finally, the cell supernatant was removed and filtered through a 0.45 µM filter and then concentrated using an Amicon concentrator (UFC910024 from Sigma Millipore) Sigma Milliporesuggested: (Penn Cell Center Stockroom, RRID:SCR_010003)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No funding statement was detected.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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