Differential Effects of Antiseptic Mouth Rinses on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity In Vitro
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- Evaluated articles (Rapid Reviews Infectious Diseases)
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is detectable in saliva from asymptomatic individuals, suggesting a potential benefit from the use of mouth rinses to suppress viral load and reduce virus spread. Published studies on the reduction of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytotoxic effects by mouth rinses do not exclude antiseptic mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity. Here, we determined the effect of commercially available mouth rinses and antiseptic povidone-iodine on the infectivity of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses and of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We first determined the effect of mouth rinses on cell viability to ensure that antiviral activity was not a consequence of mouth rinse-induced cytotoxicity. Colgate Peroxyl (hydrogen peroxide) exhibited the most cytotoxicity, followed by povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and Listerine (essential oils and alcohol). The potent antiviral activities of Colgate Peroxyl mouth rinse and povidone-iodine were the consequence of rinse-mediated cellular damage when the products were present during infection. The potency of CHG was greater when the product was not washed off after virus attachment, suggesting that the prolonged effect of mouth rinses on cells impacts the antiviral outcome. To minimalize mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity, mouth rinse was largely removed from treated viruses by centrifugation prior to infection of cells. A 5% (v/v) dilution of Colgate Peroxyl or povidone-iodine completely blocked viral infectivity. A similar 5% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG had a moderate suppressive effect on the virus, but a 50% (v/v) dilution of Listerine or CHG blocked viral infectivity completely. Mouth rinses inactivated the virus without prolonged incubation. The new infectivity assay, with limited impacts of mouth rinse-associated cytotoxicity, showed the differential effects of mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results indicate that mouth rinses can significantly reduce virus infectivity, suggesting a potential benefit for reducing SARS-CoV-2 spread.
Article activity feed
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Chaminda Seneviratne
Review 2: "Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro"
This potentially informative in-vitro study finds that some commercially available mouth-rinses have different anti-viral activity/cytotoxicity. Additional animal models and clinical trials are needed to generalize the study’s findings.
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Florence Carrouel
Review 1: "Differential effects of antiseptic mouth rinses on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro"
This potentially informative in-vitro study finds that some commercially available mouth-rinses have different anti-viral activity/cytotoxicity. Additional animal models and clinical trials are needed to generalize the study’s findings.
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Strength of evidence
Reviewers: Florence Carrouel (University of Lyon) | 📗📗📗📗◻️
Chaminda Seneviratne (Duke National University of Singapore) | 📒📒📒◻️◻️ -
SciScore for 10.1101/2020.12.01.405662: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Monoclonal antibody (Ab) against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (IgG1 clone#43, Cat # 40591-MM43) was purchased from Sino Biological, Inc (Wanye, PA) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ( IgG1 clone#43 , Cat # 40591-MM43 )suggested: NoneSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinsuggested: NoneIgG1suggested: (Sino Biological Cat# 40591-MM43, RRID:AB_2857934)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cell culture: HEK293T cells and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.12.01.405662: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Monoclonal antibody (Ab) against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (IgG1 clone#43, Cat # 40591-MM43) was purchased from Sino Biological, Inc (Wanye, PA) SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ( IgG1 clone#43 , Cat # 40591-MM43 )suggested: NoneSARS-CoV-2 spike proteinsuggested: NoneIgG1suggested: (Sino Biological Cat# 40591-MM43, RRID:AB_2857934)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Cell culture: HEK293T cells and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing HeLa cells (kindly provided by Dennis Burton; The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). HEK293Tsuggested: NoneHeLasuggested: NoneVero E6 cells were cultured in Eagle’s Essential Minimal Medium (EMEM) with 5% FBS. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Pseudotyped SARS-CoV2 luciferase reporter viruses were incubated with or without mouth rinse for 30 min at 37°C before being added to HeLa-hACE2 cells. HeLa-hACE2suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, LLC) was used. p < 0.05 was considered significant. GraphPadsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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