Recombinant Fc-fusion vaccine of RBD induced protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primate and mice

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Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to infect people globally. The increased COVID-19 cases and no licensed vaccines highlight the need to develop safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple vaccines candidates are under pre-clinical or clinical trails with different strengths and weaknesses. Here we developed a pilot scale production of a recombinant subunit vaccine (RBD-Fc Vacc) with the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 S protein fused with the Fc domain of human IgG1. RBD-Fc Vacc induced SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies in non-human primates and human ACE2 transgenic mice. The antibodies induced in macaca fascicularis neutralized three divergent SARS-CoV2 strains, suggesting a broader neutralizing ability. Three times immunizations protected Macaca fascicularis (20ug or 40ug per dose) and mice (10ug or 20ug per dose) from SARS-CoV-2 infection respectively. These data support clinical development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for humans. RBD-Fc Vacc is currently being assessed in randomized controlled phase 1/II human clinical trails.

Summary

This study confirms protective efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc subunit vaccine.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.11.29.402339: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: All animal procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of Laboratory Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), China (Assurance Number:
    Consent: Convalescent sera were collected from COVID-19 patients from Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University with written informed consent.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    ELISA: ELISA was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RBD and S1-specific IgG antibodies in the immunized mouse or Macaca fascicularis sera.
    S1-specific IgG
    suggested: None
    After four washes, the bound antibodies were detected by incubation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse IgG or anti-Macaca fascicularis IgG antibody (1:5,000, Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 30 min at 37°C.
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: None
    anti-Macaca fascicularis IgG
    suggested: None
    Medium and anti-CD3, anti-CD28 antibody were used for negative and positive controls, respectively.
    anti-CD3
    suggested: None
    anti-CD28
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    For protein expression, the plasmid was first transfected into CHO-K1 cells and then stable clones were isolated by the limiting dilution method in the presence of 50 μM of Methionine Sulfoximine (MSX).
    CHO-K1
    suggested: None
    Patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 isolates including 1) BetaCoV/Beijing/IMEBJ01/2020 (Patients originated from Beijing China; Accession No: GWHACAX01000000; Abbreviated as BJ01); 2) BetaCoV/Beijing/IMEBJ05/2020(Patients originated from Wuhan, China; Accession Nos: GWHACBB01000000. Abbreviated as BJ05);3) BetaCoV/Beijing/IMEBJ08/2020 (Patients originated from: Italy, Accession Nos: GWHAMKA01000000, Abbreviated as BJ08) were passaged in Vero cells and the virus stock was aliquoted and titrated to PFU/ml in Vero cells by plaque assay22.
    Vero
    suggested: None
    In brief, mice or Macaca fascicularis sera at 3-fold serial dilutions were incubated with 650 TCID50 of the pseudovirus for 1 hour at 37 °C, and then 20000 Huh7 cells were added into each well.
    Huh7
    suggested: CLS Cat# 300156/p7178_HuH7, RRID:CVCL_0336)
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    Animal immunization and challenge studies: Eight-week old human ACE2 transgenic mice (hACE2-Tg, obtained from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China), Balb/C mice and 3-year old Macaca fascicularis (all from Laboratory animal center of the academic of the military medical sciences) were immunized with SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Fc Vacc as described in Fig.1a.
    Balb/C
    suggested: None
    intraocular 0.2ml; hACE2-Tg mice were inoculated intranasally with 40 μL of BetaCoV(BJ05).
    hACE2-Tg
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Cell events were acquired using an FACS CANTO (BD), followed by FlowJo software (FlowJo LLC, Ashland, OR) analysis.
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Statistical analysis: Statistical analyses were carried out using Prism software (GraphPad).
    Prism
    suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.