Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins produced from CHO-cells in bioreactors are high quality antigens

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Abstract

The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for virus entry into human cells. In fact, most neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are directed against the Spike, making it the antigen of choice for use in vaccines and diagnostic tests. In the current pandemic context, global demand for Spike proteins has rapidly increased and could exceed hundreds of grams to kilograms annually. Coronavirus Spikes are large, heavily glycosylated, homotrimeric complexes, with inherent instability. Their poor manufacturability now threatens availability of these proteins for vaccines and diagnostic tests. Here, we outline a scalable, GMP-compliant, chemically defined process for production of a cell secreted, stabilized form of the trimeric Spike protein. The process is chemically defined and based on clonal, suspension-CHO cell populations and on protein purification via a two-step, scalable downstream process. The trimeric conformation was confirmed using electron microscopy and HPLC analysis. Binding to susceptible cells was shown using a virus-inhibition assay. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for detection of serum SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG1 was investigated and found to exceed that of Spike fragments (S1 and RBD). The process described here will enable production of sufficient high-quality trimeric Spike protein to meet the global demand for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and diagnostic tests.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.11.15.382044: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: Supernatants of high-density transient transfections under suspension culture were harvested after 10 days, mimicking a fed-batch process with ExcellGene’s animal component-free and protein-free CHO4Tx® PM (production medium) in 50 mL TubeSpin® bioreactor 50 tubes (TPP, Trasadingen, Switzerland).
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Supernatants Recombinant CHO cell lines: After transfections, suspension cells were stringently selected with puromycin.
    CHO
    suggested: CLS Cat# 603479/p746_CHO, RRID:CVCL_0213)
    This mixture was inoculated onto Vero E6 cells were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 and at 48 hours post infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection was visualized using virus nucleocapsid antigen specific staining (red) and by a cell nucleus specific staining (blue), as described in [10].
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Contrast transfer function estimation and particle picking were performed in cisTEM [16].
    cisTEM
    suggested: (cisTEM, RRID:SCR_016502)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.