Deaths among COVID Cases in the United States: Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist
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Abstract
Using COVID-19 Case Surveillance Public Use Data by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we estimate monthly age-adjusted case fatality rates (CFR) for four major groups: non-Hispanic (NH) whites, NH Blacks, NH Asians, and Hispanics. Available data show that CFRs across race/ethnic groups have become more equal over time. Nevertheless, racial and ethnic disparities persist. NH whites consistently experience lower CFRs; NH Blacks generally experience higher case fatality among younger patients; and NH Asians generally experience higher case fatality among older patients. Age-adjusted CFRs reveal dramatically different racial and ethnic disparities that are hidden by crude CFRs. Such adjustment is imperative for understanding COVID-19’s toll.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.11.15.20232066: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:This study is subject to at least three limitations. First, COVID-19 disproportionately impacts minorities, but without complete reporting of race and ethnicity, the full scope of inequities remains unknown. Second, the dataset …
SciScore for 10.1101/2020.11.15.20232066: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:This study is subject to at least three limitations. First, COVID-19 disproportionately impacts minorities, but without complete reporting of race and ethnicity, the full scope of inequities remains unknown. Second, the dataset does not include geographic variables (e.g. state). Without such information, we cannot ascertain whether the reduction in disparities reflects a geographical shift over time in where COVID is occurring or true changes within places that made CFR become more equal across race and ethnicity of a spatially defined population. Third, despite restricting our trend analyses to those cases reported in March through August, there is still a potential for a limited amount of right censoring in the ascertainment of death, which may artificially deflate CFRs for August. As the pandemic has progressed, knowledge of COVID-19 has advanced, health providers’ experience managing COVID-19 has grown, and CFRs have fallen. Subject to its limitations, available data show that CFRs across race/ethnic groups have become more equal. The narrowing of case fatality disparities could be the result of more equal extension of bio-medical therapeutic advances across racial and ethnic groups, which would signify that health care systems in the US have improved their ability to equitably respond. Nevertheless, racial/ethnic disparities persist. To eliminate such COVID-19 inequities, public health, healthcare, and research communities must immediately and continuously recognize and ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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