Single-dose intranasal administration of AdCOVID elicits systemic and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for effective preventive vaccination to reduce burden and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans. Intranasal vaccination is an attractive strategy to prevent COVID-19 as the nasal mucosa represents the first-line barrier to SARS-CoV-2 entry before viral spread to the lung. Although SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development is rapidly progressing, the current intramuscular vaccines are designed to elicit systemic immunity without conferring mucosal immunity. Here, we show that AdCOVID, an intranasal adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored vaccine encoding the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, elicits a strong and focused immune response against RBD through the induction of mucosal IgA, serum neutralizing antibodies and CD4 + and CD8 + T cells with a Th1-like cytokine expression profile. Therefore, AdCOVID, which promotes concomitant systemic and local mucosal immunity, represents a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.10.331348: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: Studies performed at UAB were performed under IACUC Approval Number 21203. Randomization Vaccination: Inbred female C57BL/6J (The Jackson Laboratory) and outbred CD-1 (Charles River Laboratories) mice of at least 6 weeks of age were randomly allocated into vaccination groups. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Vaccination: Inbred female C57BL/6J (The Jackson Laboratory) and outbred CD-1 (Charles River Laboratories) mice of at least 6 weeks of age were randomly allocated into vaccination groups. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources After removal of the mouse … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.10.331348: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: Studies performed at UAB were performed under IACUC Approval Number 21203. Randomization Vaccination: Inbred female C57BL/6J (The Jackson Laboratory) and outbred CD-1 (Charles River Laboratories) mice of at least 6 weeks of age were randomly allocated into vaccination groups. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Vaccination: Inbred female C57BL/6J (The Jackson Laboratory) and outbred CD-1 (Charles River Laboratories) mice of at least 6 weeks of age were randomly allocated into vaccination groups. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources After removal of the mouse anti-adenovirus-5 hexon antibody and additional phosphate-buffered saline washes, anti-adenovirus-5suggested: NoneHRP-conjugated rat anti-mouse antibody was added to each well and incubated at least 60 minutes at 37°C. anti-mousesuggested: NoneThe loading of recombinant SARS2-CoV-2 spike onto the beads was evaluated by staining 1E+05 beads with dilutions ranging from 1μg to 2ng/ml of the recombinant anti-SARS spike antibody CR3022 and visualized with an anti-human IgG secondary antibody. anti-SARSsuggested: Noneanti-human IgGsuggested: NoneBriefly, 0.2 mg of goat polyclonal anti-mouse IgG (southern Biotech cat# 1013-01), anti-IgM (cat#1 022-01), and anti-IgA (cat# 1040-01) antibodies in PBS were mixed with 5E+07 fluorescent microparticles each with a unique fluorescent intensity in the far red channels (Spherotech 3.6um cat# CPAK-3567-4K, peaks 1-3) resuspended in 0.1 M MES buffer pH 5.0. anti-mouse IgGsuggested: (SouthernBiotech Cat# 1013-01, RRID:AB_2794188)anti-IgMsuggested: Noneanti-IgAsuggested: NoneFor primary antibody detection, a SARS-CoV-2 spike/RBD antibody (Rabbit, Polyclonal, SinoBiologicals Ct No. 40592-T62) was added to 5% Blotto and incubated on the monolayers overnight. spike/RBDsuggested: NoneSamples were incubated for 10 minutes at 4°C in the dark with Fc-Block (clone 24G2, 10 μg/ml), washed with 200 µl staining media (SME) and then stained with myeloid, B cell or BAL antibody panels. BALsuggested: NoneCells were then incubated on ice with a combination of fluorescent dye-labelled antibodies including anti-CD4-V500 (clone GK1.5; 1:200 dilution), anti-CD8α-APC-Fire750 (clone 53-6.7; 1:200 dilution), anti-CD11a/CD18-Pacific Blue (H155-78; 1:200 dilution), anti-CD103-PE (M290; 1:200 dilution), anti-CD69-FITC (H1-2F3; 1:200 dilution), anti-Ly6G-PerCP-Cy5.5 (clone 1A8; 1:200 dilution), anti-CD64-PerCP-Cy5.5 (clone X54-5/7.1; 1:200 dilution), anti-B220/CD45R-PerCP (clone RA3-6B2; 1:200 dilution), and Red LIVE/DEAD (1:1000 dilution). anti-CD4-V500suggested: Noneanti-CD8α-APC-Fire750suggested: Noneanti-CD11a/CD18-Pacificsuggested: Noneanti-CD103-PEsuggested: NoneM290suggested: Noneanti-CD69-FITCsuggested: (Sigma-Aldrich Cat# SAB4700221, RRID:AB_10898330)anti-Ly6G-PerCP-Cy5.5suggested: Noneanti-CD64-PerCP-Cy5.5suggested: Noneanti-B220/CD45R-PerCPsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Adenovirus vaccine titer measurement: 293 HEK cells were seeded in a 96-well plate one day before Ad vector infection. HEKsuggested: NoneVero E6 cells were grown on 96-well plates to confluence. Vero E6suggested: NoneAfter incubation, the sera:virus mixtures were added to the wells (100µL), and infection allowed to proceed for 1 hour on the Vero cells at 35°C. Verosuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Organisms/Strains Sentences Resources CD-1). CD-1suggested: RRID:MGI:2686808)Dose levels used included high-dose (3.35E+08 ifu), mid-dose (6E+07 ifu) or low-dose (6E+06 ifu) of vaccine except for the S1 vector tested C57BL/6J mice were the high dose vaccine was 6E+08 ifu. C57BL/6Jsuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Ethics statement and Mice: Mice used in these studies were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory (C56BL/6J) or Charles River Laboratories ( Charles River Laboratoriessuggested: (Charles River Laboratories, RRID:SCR_003792)Following acquisition, the resulting FCS files were analyzed in flowJo (treestar). flowJosuggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)Plates were washed 5X with PBS, and further incubated with a goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Boster Biological Technology Co., #BA1054-0.5) in 5% Blotto for 1 hr. Boster Biologicalsuggested: NoneQuantification and statistical analysis: Statistical significance was assigned when P values were < 0.05 using Prism Version 8.4.2 (GraphPad). Prismsuggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)GraphPadsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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