Rapid, dose-dependent and efficient inactivation of surface dried SARS-CoV-2 by 254 nm UV-C irradiation
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Abstract
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic urges for cheap, reliable, and rapid technologies for disinfection and decontamination. One frequently proposed method is UV-C irradiation. However, UV-C doses necessary to achieve inactivation of high-titer SARS-CoV-2 are poorly defined.
Methods
Using a box and two handheld systems designed to decontaminate objects and surfaces we evaluated the efficacy of 254 nm UV-C treatment to inactivate surface dried SARS-CoV-2.
Results
Drying for two hours did not have a major impact on the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, indicating that exhaled virus in droplets or aerosols stays infectious on surfaces at least for a certain amount of time. Short exposure of high titer surface dried virus (3-5*10^6 IU/ml) with UV-C light (16 mJ/cm 2 ) resulted in a total inactivation of SARS-CoV-2. Dose-dependency experiments revealed that 3.5 mJ/cm 2 were still effective to achieve a > 6-log reduction in viral titers whereas 1.75 mJ/cm 2 lowered infectivity only by one order of magnitude.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly inactivated by relatively low doses of UV-C irradiation. Furthermore, the data reveal that the relationship between UV-C dose and log-viral titer reduction of surface residing SARS-CoV-2 is non-linear. In the context of UV-C-based technologies used to disinfect surfaces, our findings emphasize the necessity to assure sufficient and complete exposure of all relevant areas by integrated UV-C doses of at least 3.5 mJ/cm 2 at 254 nm. Altogether, UV-C treatment is an effective non-chemical possibility to decontaminate surfaces from high-titer infectious SARS-CoV-2.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.22.308098: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources To generate icSARS-CoV-2-mNG stocks, 200,000 Caco-2 cells were infected with 50 μl of virus stock in a 6-well plate, the supernatant was harvested 48 hpi, centrifuged, and stored at −80°C. Caco-2suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources For quantification of infection rates, images were taken with the Cytation3 (Biotek) and Hoechst+ and mNG+ cells were automatically counted by the Gen5 Software (Biotek). Gen5suggested: …SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.22.308098: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources To generate icSARS-CoV-2-mNG stocks, 200,000 Caco-2 cells were infected with 50 μl of virus stock in a 6-well plate, the supernatant was harvested 48 hpi, centrifuged, and stored at −80°C. Caco-2suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources For quantification of infection rates, images were taken with the Cytation3 (Biotek) and Hoechst+ and mNG+ cells were automatically counted by the Gen5 Software (Biotek). Gen5suggested: (Gen5, RRID:SCR_017317)Software and statistical analysis: GraphPad Prism 8.0 was used for statistical analyses and to generate graphs. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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