A key linear epitope for a potent neutralizing antibody to SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD
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Abstract
The spread of SARS-CoV-2 confers a serious threat to the public health without effective intervention strategies 1–3 . Its variant carrying mutated Spike (S) protein D614G (S D614G ) has become the most prevalent form in the current global pandemic 4,5 . We have identified a large panel of potential neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 S 6 . Here, we focused on the top 20 potential NAbs for the mechanism study. Of them, the top 4 NAbs could individually neutralize both authentic SARS-CoV-2 and S D614G pseudovirus efficiently. Our epitope mapping revealed that 16/20 potent NAbs overlapped the same steric epitope. Excitingly, we found that one of these potent NAbs (58G6) exclusively bound to a linear epitope on S-RBD (termed as 58G6e), and the interaction of 58G6e and the recombinant ACE2 could be blocked by 58G6. We confirmed that 58G6e represented a key site of vulnerability on S-RBD and it could positively react with COVID-19 convalescent patients’ plasma. We are the first, as far as we know, to provide direct evidences of a linear epitope that can be recognized by a potent NAb against SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD. This study paves the way for the applications of these NAbs and the potential safe and effective vaccine design.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.11.292631: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Consent: The original clinical studies to obtain blood samples after written informed consent were previously described6 and had been approved by the Ethics Board of ChongQing Medical University.
IRB: The original clinical studies to obtain blood samples after written informed consent were previously described6 and had been approved by the Ethics Board of ChongQing Medical University.Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources The antibodies were isolated using flow sorting for isolation and cloning of single … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.09.11.292631: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement Consent: The original clinical studies to obtain blood samples after written informed consent were previously described6 and had been approved by the Ethics Board of ChongQing Medical University.
IRB: The original clinical studies to obtain blood samples after written informed consent were previously described6 and had been approved by the Ethics Board of ChongQing Medical University.Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources The antibodies were isolated using flow sorting for isolation and cloning of single antigen-specific B cells and the antibody variable genes encoding monoclonal antibodies6. antibodies6suggested: NoneRecombinant antibody production and purification: For the construction of antibody expression Vectors, VH and VL 2nd PCR products were inserted separately into the linearized plasmids (pcDNA3.4) that encode constant regions of the heavy chains and light chains via a homologous recombination kit (Vazyme, C112). C112suggested: NoneSequence analysis of antigen-specific mAb: IMGT/V-QUEST (http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest) and IgBLAST (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/), MIXCR (https://mixcr.readthedocs.io/en/master/) and VDJtools (https://vdjtools-doc.readthedocs.io/en/master/overlap.html) tools were used to do the variable region analysis and annotation for each antibody clone. antigen-specific mAb: IMGT/V-QUEST (http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest)suggested: NoneA CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) was linked with anti-human IgG-Fc antibody to capture about 9000 response units of the NAbs. anti-human IgG-Fcsuggested: NoneAfter 30 min incubation at 37 °C, the plates were washed 5 times and incubated with goat anti-human IgG (H+L) antibody conjugated with ALP (Thermo Fisher, a18808, 1:5000) for 30 min at 37 °C. anti-human IgGsuggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A18808, RRID:AB_2535585)a18808suggested: (Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# A18808, RRID:AB_2535585)Reacted mAbs were detected using ALP-conjugated Goat F(ab’)2 Anti-Human (IgG (Fab’)2) secondary antibody (Abcam, ab98532, 1:2000) for 30 min at RT, followed with quantification detection. F(ab’)2 Anti-Human (IgGsuggested: NoneThe ELISA plates were washed 4 times by Blocking Buffer and 50 μL Goat F(ab’)2 Anti-Human (IgG (Fab’)2) secondary antibody conjugated with ALP (Abcam, ab98532, 1:2000) was incubated with the plate at RT for 30 min. Anti-Humansuggested: NoneThe next days, the membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with HRP-conjugated Goat-anti-human Fc antibody (Abcam, ab99759, 1:10000) for 1 h at RT. ab99759suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab99759, RRID:AB_10673762)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources HEK293T cells were grown to 80% confluency before transfection with VSV-G pseudotyped ΔG-luciferase, pWPXL and pSPAX2. HEK293Tsuggested: NoneAfter 72 hrs, the luciferase activities of infected HEK293T/ACE2 cells were detected by the Bright-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega, E2650). HEK293T/ACE2suggested: NoneAfter the incubation, the mixtures were then transferred into 96-well plates, which were seeded with Vero E6 cells. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Sequence analysis of antigen-specific mAb: IMGT/V-QUEST (http://www.imgt.org/IMGT_vquest/vquest) and IgBLAST (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/igblast/), MIXCR (https://mixcr.readthedocs.io/en/master/) and VDJtools (https://vdjtools-doc.readthedocs.io/en/master/overlap.html) tools were used to do the variable region analysis and annotation for each antibody clone. IgBLASTsuggested: (IgBLAST, RRID:SCR_002873)The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the evaluated mAbs were tested by the Varioskan LUX Microplate Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher), and calculated by a four-parameter logistic regression using GraphPad Prism 8.0. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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