Pre-COVID-19 humoral immunity to common coronaviruses does not confer cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2

  1. Makoto Miyara
  2. Delphine Sterlin
  3. François Anna
  4. Stéphane Marot
  5. Alexis Mathian
  6. Mo Atif
  7. Paul Quentric
  8. Audrey Mohr
  9. Laetitia Claër
  10. Christophe Parizot
  11. Karim Dorgham
  12. Hans Yssel
  13. Thibaud Chazal
  14. Jehane Fadlallah
  15. Julien Haroche
  16. Neila Benameur
  17. David Boutolleau
  18. Sonia Burrel
  19. Sasi Mudumba
  20. Rick Hockett
  21. Cary Gunn
  22. Pierre Charneau
  23. Vincent Calvez
  24. Anne-Geneviève Marcellin
  25. Zahir Amoura
  26. Guy Gorochov

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Abstract

It is currently unknown whether acquired immunity to common alpha- and beta-coronaviruses provides cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we found that certain patient sera and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) collected prior to the COVID-19 outbreak were cross-reactive to SARS-CoV-2 full-length Spike, S2 domain, and Nucleocapsid. However, their presence did not translate into neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro . Importantly, we detected serum IgG reactivity to common coronaviruses in the early sera of patients with severe COVID-19 before the appearance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Collectively, the results of our study indicate that pre-existing immunity to common coronaviruses does not confer cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 in vivo .

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  1. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2020.08.14.20173393: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIRB: Patient and healthy donor samples and IVIG batches: Collection of blood from anonymous healthy donors was carried out at the French Institute of Blood Donation (EFS, Etablissement français du sang, Paris, France) in 2015 in line with Local and Regional Ethics Committee “CPP - Ile de France-VI” at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital.
    Consent: All patients or their relatives gave informed consent.
    IACUC: This study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of Sorbonne Université (n°2020-CER2020-21).
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Photonic ring immunoassay: SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were measured with The Maverick TM SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen Serology Panel (
    SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    This patient was confirmed positive by a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on March 6th, 2020, and the virus was isolated by inoculating Vero cells with a sputum sample in our biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) facility.
    Vero
    suggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)
    Next, 100 μL of Vero E6 cells suspension (3.105 cells/mL) was added to the mixture and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 until a microscopic examination was performed on day 4 for the cytopathic effect (CPE)
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    Pseudovirus production and permissive cell line generation: Pseudotyped vectors were produced by triple transfection of 293T cells as previously described18.
    293T
    suggested: None
    Functional titer (TU) was determined by qPCR after the transduction of a stable HEK 293T-hACE2 cell line.
    HEK 293T-hACE2
    suggested: None
    To generate this cell line, HEK 293T cells were transduced at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) 20 with an integrative lentiviral vector expressing the human ACE2 gene under the control of the UBC promoter.
    HEK 293T
    suggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Half maximal inhibitory concentrations IC50 were determined using the Graphpad Prism software 5.
    Graphpad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  2. Version published to 10.1101/2020.08.14.20173393v1 on medRxiv