CoVaccine HT™ adjuvant potentiates robust immune responses to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 immunisation

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Abstract

The current COVID-19 pandemic has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions, globally. The highly contagious nature of this respiratory virus has spurred massive global efforts to develop vaccines at record speeds. In addition to enhanced immunogen delivery, adjuvants may greatly impact protective efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. To investigate adjuvant suitability, we formulated protein subunit vaccines consisting of the recombinant S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein alone or in combination with either CoVaccine HT™ or Alhydrogel. CoVaccine HT™ induced high titres of antigen-binding IgG after a single dose, facilitated affinity maturation and class switching to a greater extent than Alhydrogel and elicited potent cell-mediated immunity as well as virus neutralising antibody titres. Data presented here suggests that adjuvantation with CoVaccine HT™ can rapidly induce a comprehensive and protective immune response to SARS-CoV-2.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.07.24.220715: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variable2.1 Vaccination and Serum Collection: BALB/c mice (7-8 weeks of age, male and female) were immunised twice, three weeks apart, intramuscularly (IM) with 5 μg of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (Sino Biological 40592-V05H) protein with or without adjuvants, or adjuvant alone, using an insulin syringe with a 29-gauge needle.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Detection antibodies were subclass specific goat anti-mouse polyclonal R-PE-conjugated antibodies (Southern Biotech) used at a 1:200 dilution.
    anti-mouse
    suggested: None
    The tests were set up in duplicates, and the costimulatory anti-CD28 antibody (0.1 μg/mL) was added to the cells during the incubation.
    anti-CD28
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    The serum-virus mixtures were added to a monolayer of confluent Vero E6 cells and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C in 5% CO2.
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    2.1 Vaccination and Serum Collection: BALB/c mice (7-8 weeks of age, male and female) were immunised twice, three weeks apart, intramuscularly (IM) with 5 μg of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (Sino Biological 40592-V05H) protein with or without adjuvants, or adjuvant alone, using an insulin syringe with a 29-gauge needle.
    BALB/c
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Cut-offs were generated by determining the mean MFI values plus three standard deviations as determined by Microsoft Office Excel program
    Microsoft Office Excel
    suggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)
    Graphical representation of the data was done using Prism, Graphpad Software (San Diego, CA).
    Prism
    suggested: (PRISM, RRID:SCR_005375)
    Graphpad
    suggested: (GraphPad, RRID:SCR_000306)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.