Towards intervention development to increase the uptake of COVID‐19 vaccination among those at high risk: Outlining evidence‐based and theoretically informed future intervention content
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Abstract
Development of a vaccine against COVID‐19 will be key to controlling the pandemic. We need to understand the barriers and facilitators to receiving a future COVID‐19 vaccine so that we can provide recommendations for the design of interventions aimed at maximizing public acceptance.
Design
Cross‐sectional UK survey with older adults and patients with chronic respiratory disease.
Methods
During the UK’s early April 2020 ‘lockdown’ period, 527 participants (311 older adults, mean age = 70.4 years; 216 chronic respiratory participants, mean age = 43.8 years) completed an online questionnaire assessing willingness to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine, perceptions of COVID‐19, and intention to receive influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. A free text response ( n = 502) examined barriers and facilitators to uptake. The Behaviour Change Wheel informed the analysis of these responses, which were coded to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were identified.
Results
Eighty‐six per cent of respondents want to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. This was positively correlated with the perception that COVID‐19 will persist over time, and negatively associated with perceiving the media to have over‐exaggerated the risk. The majority of barriers and facilitators were mapped onto the ‘beliefs about consequences’ TDF domain, with themes relating to personal health, health consequences to others, concerns of vaccine safety, and severity of COVID‐19.
Conclusions
Willingness to receive a COVID‐19 vaccination is currently high among high‐risk individuals. Mass media interventions aimed at maximizing vaccine uptake should utilize the BCTs of information about health, emotional, social and environmental consequences, and salience of consequences.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.16.20132480: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: Ethical approval was received from the University Ethics Committee to extend these studies by contacting participants and inviting them to answer questions relating to COVID-19. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Participants and procedure: The present sample comprised 527 participants (57% female) with a mean age of 59.5 years old (SD = 16). Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit …SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.16.20132480: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: Ethical approval was received from the University Ethics Committee to extend these studies by contacting participants and inviting them to answer questions relating to COVID-19. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Participants and procedure: The present sample comprised 527 participants (57% female) with a mean age of 59.5 years old (SD = 16). Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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