Effect of Socioeconomic and Ethnic Characteristics on COVID-19 Infection: the Case of the Ultra-Orthodox and the Arab Communities in Israel

  1. Mor Saban
  2. Vicki Myers
  3. Tal Shachar
  4. Oren Miron
  5. Rachel R Wilf-Miron

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Abstract

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  1. Version published to 10.1007/s40615-021-00991-z
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.25.20111575: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Descriptive and frequency statistical analyses were performed using Matlab version 2020a and Python 3.6.5 software.
    Matlab
    suggested: (MATLAB, RRID:SCR_001622)
    Python
    suggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Our analysis has several limitations: First, data were analyzed by locality, rather than by individuals. This ecologic approach misses possible differences in the composition and disease patterns within localities. Second, small towns and settlements, comprising less than 5000 residents, were not included in the MOH database and therefore were not analyzed. No data exists to evaluate this possible bias on disease measures. Third, data on localities comprising mixed Arab-Jewish ethnicities were excluded from the analysis, because it was not possible to distinguish between the ethnicity of individuals in the database. Arab communities in large mixed cities might present with different disease patterns. Last, after April 26th, 2020 mortality data and ethnicity were no longer reported at the localities level in the MOH database; however, due to intensive media coverage of fatalities, including the naming of most of those who died, we believe that large numbers of Arab deaths could have not escaped public awareness. Our analysis shows that we should treat assumptions about ethnic minorities with caution as it is not always possible to predict how such communities would react in times of crisis. The Israeli Arab community mostly demonstrated responsible behavior, following governmental instruction that were mediated by the community’s religious leaders. Although, the Ultra-Orthodox community did not abide by the government’s instructions because it regards its religious leaders’ in...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.21203/rs.3.rs-32401/v1 on Research Square
  4. Version published to 10.1101/2020.05.25.20111575v1 on medRxiv