Immunization with the receptor–binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 elicits antibodies cross-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV without antibody-dependent enhancement
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Abstract
Recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is no vaccine available for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Like closely related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 also uses its receptor-binding domain (RBD) on the spike (S) protein to engage the host receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), facilitating subsequent viral entry. Here we report the immunogenicity and vaccine potential of SARS-CoV-2 RBD (SARS2-RBD)-based recombinant proteins. Immunization with SARS2-RBD recombinant proteins potently induced a multi-functional antibody response in mice. The resulting antisera could efficiently block the interaction between SARS2-RBD and ACE2, inhibit S-mediated cell-cell fusion, and neutralize both SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry and authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the anti-RBD sera also exhibited cross binding, ACE2-blockade, and neutralization effects towards SARS-CoV. More importantly, we found that the anti-RBD sera did not promote antibody-dependent enhancement of either SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry or authentic virus infection of Fc receptor-bearing cells. These findings provide a solid foundation for developing RBD-based subunit vaccines for SARS-CoV2.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.21.107565: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: Mouse immunization: All the animal experiments in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources For immunofluorescence analysis, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized by 0.2% Triton X-100 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and stained overnight at 4°C with an anti-N mouse polyclonal antibody generated in house. anti-Nsuggested: NoneThe samples were finally incubated with Alexa Fluor … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.21.107565: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: Mouse immunization: All the animal experiments in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources For immunofluorescence analysis, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized by 0.2% Triton X-100 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and stained overnight at 4°C with an anti-N mouse polyclonal antibody generated in house. anti-Nsuggested: NoneThe samples were finally incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-labeled donkey anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (1:1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 37°C for 1 hour. anti-mouse IgGsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources HEK 293T, A20, THP-1, and K562 cells were purchased from the Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences (www.cellbank.org.cn). THP-1suggested: NoneK562suggested: NCI-DTP Cat# K-562, RRID:CVCL_0004)Cell-cell fusion inhibition assay: HEK 293T cells were separately transfected with a plasmid encoding the SARS-CoV-2 S:EGFP fusion protein (pcDNA-S:EGFP) or with a plasmid encoding the hACE2:mCherry fusion protein (pcDNA-hACE2:mCherry). HEK 293Tsuggested: NCBI_Iran Cat# C498, RRID:CVCL_0063)The mixture was then onto VeroE6 cells overexpressing hACE2 (denoted as VeroE6-hACE2) preseeded in 48-well plates. VeroE6suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains Sentences Resources Two groups of six BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the RBD vaccine and the control antigen, respectively, at days 0, 10, and 25. BALB/csuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistics analysis: All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software v5.0. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were compared using log-rank test. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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