Humanized Single Domain Antibodies Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Spike Receptor Binding Domain

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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across more than 200 countries and regions, leading to an unprecedented medical burden and live lost. SARS-CoV-2 specific antivirals or prophylactic vaccines are not available. Neutralizing antibodies provide efficient blockade for viral infection and are a promising category of biological therapies. Using SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD as a bait, we have discovered a panel of humanized single domain antibodies (sdAbs). These sdAbs revealed binding kinetics with the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 0.7~33 nM. The monomeric sdAbs showed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.003~0.3 μg/mL in pseudotyped particle neutralization assay, and 0.23~0.50 μg/mL in authentic SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. Competitive ligand-binding data suggested that the sdAbs either completely blocked or significantly inhibited the association between SARS-CoV-2 RBD and viral entry receptor ACE2. Finally, we showed that fusion of the human IgG1 Fc to sdAbs improved their neutralization activity by tens of times. These results reveal the novel SARS-CoV-2 RBD targeting sdAbs and pave a road for antibody drug development.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.04.14.042010: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Antibodies were obtained from ThermoFisher for anti-His-HRP, anti-human IgG-HRP, anti-His-488 and anti-CM13.
    anti-His-HRP
    suggested: None
    anti-human IgG-HRP
    suggested: None
    anti-His-488
    suggested: None
    Library design and construction: A synthetic sdAb phage display library was used for the screening of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.
    SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies .
    suggested: None
    After 4 rounds of panning, phage ELISA identification was performed with 480 individual colonies using Anti-CM13 antibody [B62-FE2] (HRP).
    Anti-CM13
    suggested: None
    Maxipreped plasmids were transiently transfected into 293-F cells (Thermofisher) and the cells were further cultured in suspension for 6 days before harvesting antibody-containing supernatant.
    antibody-containing supernatant .
    suggested: None
    The primary antibody used for Western blot was a horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cells and reagents: The Vero (African green monkey kidney), HEK293T (human kidney epithelial), 293F, Calu-3 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells were obtained from China Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource (Beijing, China) and maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 2-10% fetal bovine serum (FBS,
    Calu-3
    suggested: None
    Production of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped particle (SARS-CoV-2pp) and virus entry assay: To produce SARS-CoV-2pp, HEK293T cells were seeded 1 day prior to transfection at 2.5×106 cells in a 10-cm plate.
    HEK293T
    suggested: None
    To conduct the virus entry assay, Vero E6 or other cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at 1 day prior to transduction.
    Vero E6
    suggested: None
    For antibody neutralization assay, Vero cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 day prior to infection.
    Vero
    suggested: None
    Immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot: Cultured 293T cells on coverslips were transfected with either SARS-CoV-2 S expression plasmid or empty vector for 24 h and then fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS for 10 min.
    293T
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6.01 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

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