Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 infections among 3 species of non-human primates
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Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has recently been announced as a pandemic all over the world. Plenty of diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic knowledges have been enriched from clinical studies since December 2019. However, animal models, particularly non-human primate models, are urgently needed for critical questions that could not be answered in clinical patients, evaluations of anti-viral drugs and vaccines. In this study, two families of non-human primates, Old world monkeys (12 Macaca mulatta , 6 Macaca fascicularis ) and New world monkeys (6 Callithrix jacchus ), were experimentally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical signs were recorded. Samples were collected for analysis of viral shedding, viremia and histopathological examination. Increased body temperature was observed in 100% (12/12) M. mulatta , 33.3% (2/6) M. fascicularis and none (0/6) of C. jacchus post inoculation of SARS-CoV-2. All of M. mulatta and M. fascicularis showed chest radiographic abnormality. Viral genomes were detected in nasal swabs, throat swabs, anal swabs and blood from all 3 species of monkeys. Viral shedding from upper respiratory samples reached the peak between day 6 and day 8 post inoculation. From necropsied M. mulatta and M. fascicularis , the tissues showing virus positive were mainly lung, weasand, bronchus and spleen. No viral genome was seen in any of tissues from 2 necropsied C. jacchus. Severe gross lesions and histopathological changes were observed in lung, heart and stomach of SARS-CoV-2 infected animals. In summary, we have established a NHP model for COVID-19, which could be used to evaluate drugs and vaccines, and investigate viral pathogenesis. M. mulatta is the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by M. fascicularis and C. jacchus.
One Sentence Summary
M. mulatta is the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared to M. fascicularis and C. jacchus .
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.04.08.031807: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: Ethics statement: All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (Ethics number: DWSP202002 001), and performed in the ABSL-4 facility of Kunming National High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Yunnan Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Flow cytometric analysis was conducted on Cytoflex (Backman, USA) using florescent-labelled antibodies against cellular surface marker CD45, CD3, CD4, … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.04.08.031807: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: Ethics statement: All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (Ethics number: DWSP202002 001), and performed in the ABSL-4 facility of Kunming National High-level Biosafety Primate Research Center, Yunnan Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Flow cytometric analysis was conducted on Cytoflex (Backman, USA) using florescent-labelled antibodies against cellular surface marker CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14. CD45suggested: NoneCD3suggested: NoneCD4suggested: NoneCD8suggested: NoneCD14suggested: NoneHRP-conjugated goat anti-human IgG (H+L) antibody was added to detect the captured spike-specific antibodies. anti-human IgGsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Viruses were amplified on Vero-E6 cells and concentrated by ultrafilter system via 300kDa module (Millipore). Vero-E6suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Localization of viral RNA in tissues: A novel nucleic acid hybridization technique RNAscope was performed to detect and localize viral RNA in paraffin-embedded tissue sections using SARS-CoV-2 specific probe (RNAscope® Probe-V-nCoV2019-S, ACD, Cat No. 848561, targeting the region of 21631 – 23303 (NC_045512.2) of SARS-CoV-2 genome). SARS-CoV-2suggested: (Active Motif Cat# 91351, RRID:AB_2847848)Data was plotted via the software GraphPad. GraphPadsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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