Sequence variation among SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Taiwan

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Abstract

Taiwan experienced two waves of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), first from China in January to late February, followed by those from other countries starting in early March. Additionally, several cases could not be traced to any imported cases and were suspected as sporadic local transmission. Twelve full viral genomes were determined in this study by Illumina sequencing either from virus isolates or directly from specimens, among which 5 originated from clustered infections. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that these sequences were in different clades, indicating that no major strain has been circulating in Taiwan. A deletion in open reading frame 8 was found in one isolate. Only a 4-nucleotide difference was observed among the 5 genomes from clustered infections.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.03.29.014290: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Cell Culture and Virus Isolation: Vero-E6 (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and MK-2 (ATCC) cells were maintained in Modified Eagle Medium (MEM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1x penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in the presence of 5% CO2.
    Vero-E6
    suggested: None
    MK-2
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Next-generation Sequencing Data Analysis Pipeline: We first trimmed the raw data by removing low-quality and short reads using Trimmomatic (version 0.39) (4).
    Trimmomatic
    suggested: (Trimmomatic, RRID:SCR_011848)
    Next, quality reads were mapped to the human reference genome to remove host sequences using HISAT2 (version 2.1.0) (5)
    HISAT2
    suggested: (HISAT2, RRID:SCR_015530)
    SPAdes (version 3.14.0) (6) was used to perform de novo assembly for constructing contig sequences.
    SPAdes
    suggested: (SPAdes, RRID:SCR_000131)
    Viral candidates were identified using the reported top BLASTN hits for each of the queried contig sequences.
    BLASTN
    suggested: (BLASTN, RRID:SCR_001598)
    In total 348 sequences were aligned using MAFFT (version 7.427) (8) for further analyses.
    MAFFT
    suggested: (MAFFT, RRID:SCR_011811)
    The phylogenetic tree was inferred using RAxML (version 8.2.12) (9) under the GTRGAMMA model with a bootstrap value of 1000 to investigate the genomic relationships.
    RAxML
    suggested: (RAxML, RRID:SCR_006086)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • No conflict of interest statement was detected. If there are no conflicts, we encourage authors to explicit state so.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.