Structure and immune recognition of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein

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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is an alphacoronavirus responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in pigs. A key determinant of viral tropism and entry, the PEDV spike protein is a key target for the host antibody response and a good candidate for a protein-based vaccine immunogen. We used electron microscopy to evaluate the PEDV spike structure, as well as pig polyclonal antibody responses to viral infection. The structure of the PEDV spike reveals a configuration similar to that of HuCoV-NL63. Several PEDV protein-protein interfaces are mediated by non-protein components including a glycan at Asn264 and two bound palmitoleic acid molecules. The polyclonal antibody response to PEDV infection shows a dominance of epitopes in the S1 region. This structural and immune characterization provides new insights into coronavirus spike stability determinants and explores the immune landscape of viral spike proteins.

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2020.02.18.955195: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    For both 293F and 293S cells, 1 L of cells at 1×106 cells were transfected with complexes composed of 250 μg of plasmid DNA and 750 μg of polyethylenimine (Polysciences, Cat. # 24765-1).
    293S
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_A784)
    Mass spectrometry: The PEDV spike sample expressed in Sf9 cells was analyzed on Zorbax SB-C18 column (Agilent) with water with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid as mobile phases.
    Sf9
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Briefly for spike samples, particles were extracted in RELION binning by 2 and then reconstructed in CryoSparc.
    RELION
    suggested: (RELION, RRID:SCR_016274)
    Micrograph movies were aligned using MotionCor2 (UCSF) (Zheng et al., 2017), CTF corrections were done with Gctf (Zhang, 2016) and images were assessed with EMHP (Berndsen et al., 2017).
    MotionCor2
    suggested: (MotionCor2, RRID:SCR_016499)
    The model was aligned an mutated to the PEDV spike sequence and rebuild using Coot (Emsley et al., 2010).
    Coot
    suggested: (Coot, RRID:SCR_014222)
    Model validation was done using Molprobity (Williams et al., 2018) and EMRinger (Barad et al., 2015).
    Molprobity
    suggested: (MolProbity, RRID:SCR_014226)
    : Statistical models inherent to RELION-3.0 (Zivanov et al., 2018) and CryoSparc 2.0 (Punjani et al., 2017) were used to create 3D classifications and 3D refinements from spike particle images.
    CryoSparc
    suggested: (cryoSPARC, RRID:SCR_016501)

    Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 17. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • No conflict of interest statement was detected. If there are no conflicts, we encourage authors to explicit state so.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.