Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Food Samples in Maiduguri Borno State, Nigeria
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Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for severe illnesses, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and infants. This study investigated the prevalence, serotyping, and phylogenetic relationships of L. monocytogenes isolated from food samples collected in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 258 food samples, including meat, dairy, fruits, and vegetables, were analyzed. Isolates were identified using biochemical methods and confirmed via PCR targeting the prs and hlyA genes. Further serogroup determination and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted. Six isolates (75%) were confirmed L. monocytogenes, with five belonging to serotype 1/2b. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades among local isolates, showing some divergence from global reference strains. Interestingly, the prfA gene, a key virulence regulator, was not detected. These findings highlight the presence of potentially virulent L. monocytogenes strains in local foods and underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and food safety strategies in Nigeria.The investigation compellingly revealed the presence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes strains in food products sourced from Borno State. Through the application of molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis, we achieved precise identification, underscoring the urgent need for continuous surveillance and the robust enforcement of food safety measures in this vital region.