The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review

  1. Philip T James
  2. Zakari Ali
  3. Andrew E Armitage
  4. Ana Bonell
  5. Carla Cerami
  6. Hal Drakesmith
  7. Modou Jobe
  8. Kerry S Jones
  9. Zara Liew
  10. Sophie E Moore
  11. Fernanda Morales-Berstein
  12. Helen M Nabwera
  13. Behzad Nadjm
  14. Sant-Rayn Pasricha
  15. Pauline Scheelbeek
  16. Matt J Silver
  17. Megan R Teh
  18. Andrew M Prentice

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Abstract

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  1. Version published to 10.1093/jn/nxab059
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2020.10.19.20214395: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board Statementnot detected.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Search Strategy: We adopted three key approaches for compiling information for each of the 13 sections listed above: For the PubMed and EMBASE database searches a search string was designed to encompass terms related to 1) SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV viruses, 2) disease susceptibility, 3) disease progression and 4) the nutritional component of interest.
    PubMed
    suggested: (PubMed, RRID:SCR_004846)
    Full search string terms for the PubMed, EMBASE, pre-print server and clinical trial registry searches are provided in Supplementary Material 2.
    EMBASE
    suggested: (EMBASE, RRID:SCR_001650)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    Strengths and limitations of the review: Our review provides a synthesis of information to complement other existing comprehensive reviews207,213. However, to our knowledge ours is the most detailed systematic search to date, bringing together 13 separate systematic reviews. Our inclusion of material from pre-print servers and trial registries adds to the breadth of information we have been able to include. The pandemic is evolving rapidly and new evidence has likely surfaced since our search dates. Whilst the collation of 13 reviews in this article provided breadth, we were unable to ensure all searches took place exactly synchronously. We did not perform a risk of bias assessment of the included literature, and it is important to note that pre-prints are not peer-reviewed. Our inclusion criteria of literature written in English may have missed some pertinent information in other journals. We necessarily had to limit our scope to the most important nutrition-related conditions and micronutrients of interest. However, this is incomplete, and other potentially relevant areas of interest include the role of macronutrient intake, gut microbiota, dietary fibre, B vitamins, other minerals, phytochemicals, and carotenoids. These are covered in other narrative reviews210,213. Furthermore, we were unable to comprehensively cover all the additional factors that can influence the relationship between nutrition, immunity and disease progression. Interpretation of the included literature...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:

    IdentifierStatusTitle
    NCT04350073RecruitingLongitudinal Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Effects in Pat…
    NCT04346212RecruitingOropharyngeal Dysphagia in Patients With COVID-19
    NCT04386460RecruitingCovid-19 and Prevention of Malnutrition After Confinement by…
    NCT04323228RecruitingAnti-inflammatory/Antioxidant Oral Nutrition Supplementation…
    NCT04360980RecruitingThe Effects of Standard Protocol With or Without Colchicine …
    NCT04342728CompletedCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)- Using Ascorbic Acid and Zinc Su…

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2020.10.19.20214395v1 on medRxiv
  4. Version published to 10.1101/2020.10.19.20214395v2 on medRxiv