Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 on Norovirus Outbreaks: An Analysis of Outbreaks Reported By 9 US States

  1. Alicia N M Kraay
  2. Peichun Han
  3. Anita K Kambhampati
  4. Mary E Wikswo
  5. Sara A Mirza
  6. Benjamin A Lopman

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Abstract

In April 2020, the incidence of norovirus outbreaks reported to the National Outbreak Reporting System dramatically declined. We used regression models to determine if this decline was best explained by underreporting, seasonal trends, or reduced exposure due to nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using data from 9 states from July 2012 to July 2020. The decline in norovirus outbreaks was significant for all 9 states, and underreporting and/or seasonality are unlikely to be the primary explanation for these findings. These patterns were similar across a variety of settings. NPIs appear to have reduced incidence of norovirus, a nonrespiratory pathogen.

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  1. Version published to 10.1093/infdis/jiab093
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  3. Version published to 10.1101/2020.11.25.20237115 on medRxiv