Environmental Sampling for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 During a COVID-19 Outbreak on the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship
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Abstract
During a COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship we sampled environmental surfaces after passengers and crew vacated cabins. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 58 of 601 samples (10%) from case cabins 1–17 days after cabins were vacated but not from noncase cabins. There was no difference in detection proportion between cabins of symptomatic (15%, 28/189; cycle quantification [Cq], 29.79–38.86) and asymptomatic cases (21%, 28/131; Cq, 26.21–38.99). No SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from any of the samples. Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients may be similar and surfaces could be involved in transmission.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088567: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: This report was exempt from the requirement for institutional ethics review since it was a public health investigation by the Japanese Infectious Disease Law and Quarantine Law. Randomization For case-cabins, we randomly selected cabins in which confirmed symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 cases had stayed. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources They were inoculated on confluent VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells as described previously7. VeroE6/TMPRSS2suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)Results from OddPub: …
SciScore for 10.1101/2020.05.02.20088567: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IRB: This report was exempt from the requirement for institutional ethics review since it was a public health investigation by the Japanese Infectious Disease Law and Quarantine Law. Randomization For case-cabins, we randomly selected cabins in which confirmed symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 cases had stayed. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources They were inoculated on confluent VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells as described previously7. VeroE6/TMPRSS2suggested: JCRB Cat# JCRB1819, RRID:CVCL_YQ49)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Our findings and interpretations should take into consideration the following limitations. First, it took approximately three hours to bring the specimen to the laboratory due to logistical challenge in a cruise ship, which may affect the viral isolation. Second, we could not directly measure the temperature and humidity in the cruise ship. In conclusion, the environment around the COVID-19 cases was extensively contaminated from SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 outbreak in the cruise ship. The environmental surface could involve viral transmission through direct contact, but may not be through air or wastewater mechanisms. This transmission can occur from persons who are asymptomatic at the time of specimen collection. Cleaning of surfaces with hydrogen peroxide-based products and communication messages demonstrating and emphasizing hand hygiene are essential to interrupting the chain of transmission during outbreaks.
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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