Preexisting antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 S2 cross-react with commensal gut bacteria and impact COVID-19 vaccine induced immunity

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Abstract

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  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.07.13.21260404: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: Experiments using mice and samples of healthy human were approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University.
    Sex as a biological variableMouse vaccination: Peripheral blood samples were collected from female adult mice and pre-existing S2 binding antibodies were measured using the previously described in-house ELISA method.
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Antibodies
    SentencesResources
    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 specific binding antibodies: In-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were developed to measure SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 specific binding antibodies.
    SARS-CoV-2
    suggested: None
    S1
    suggested: None
    Then, 100μl of a HRP labeled goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (Cat# ab6759, Abcam, UK) or goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (Cat# 115-035-003, Jackson Immuno Research, USA) diluted in 1×PBS containing 5% milk were added to each well and incubated for 1 hour at 37°C.
    anti-mouse IgG
    suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab6759, RRID:AB_955434)
    Preparation of P144 specific monoclonal antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies against P144 were prepared from one naïve BALB/c mouse and one naïve C57BL/6 mouse respectively using the hybridoma technique.
    P144
    suggested: None
    Briefly, the 96-well ELISPOT plates were coated with purified anti-mouse IFN-γ monoclonal antibody overnight at 4°C.
    anti-mouse IFN-γ
    suggested: None
    After incubation, detecting antibody and Avidin-HRP were added sequentially.
    Avidin-HRP
    suggested: None
    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Briefly, freshly isolated splenocytes were mixed and fused with SP2/0 cells at a ratio of 1:10.
    SP2/0
    suggested: CLS Cat# 400481/p8829_Sp20-Ag14, RRID:CVCL_2199)
    Next, Vero cells were added into each well (2×104 cells/well) and the plates were incubated at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2.
    Vero
    suggested: RRID:CVCL_ZW93)
    Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains
    SentencesResources
    Preparation of P144 specific monoclonal antibodies: Monoclonal antibodies against P144 were prepared from one naïve BALB/c mouse and one naïve C57BL/6 mouse respectively using the hybridoma technique.
    BALB/c
    suggested: None
    C57BL/6
    suggested: None
    Selected clones of hybridoma cells were injected intraperitoneally into BALB/c×ICR hybrid mice.
    BALB/c×ICR
    suggested: RRID:MGI:5652525)
    Recombinant DNA
    SentencesResources
    The codon optimized spike gene was subcloned into a eukaryotic expression vector (pJW4303, kindly gifted by Dr. Shan Lu’s Laboratory at the University of Massachusetts) (35).
    pJW4303
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    The data were analyzed using the FlowJo software (BD Biosciences, USA)
    FlowJo
    suggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)
    Construction and preparation of a candidate DNA vaccine encoding SARS-CoV-2 full length S protein: The full-length s gene sequence of the reference SARS-CoV-2 strain was optimized according to the preference of human codon usage and synthesized by GENEWIZ life science company (Suchow, China).
    GENEWIZ
    suggested: (GENEWIZ, RRID:SCR_003177)
    Statistical analysis: All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA).
    GraphPad Prism
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 41. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.


    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.