Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections

  1. Heba N. Altarawneh
  2. Hiam Chemaitelly
  3. Houssein H. Ayoub
  4. Patrick Tang
  5. Mohammad R. Hasan
  6. Hadi M. Yassine
  7. Hebah A. Al-Khatib
  8. Maria K. Smatti
  9. Peter Coyle
  10. Zaina Al-Kanaani
  11. Einas Al-Kuwari
  12. Andrew Jeremijenko
  13. Anvar H. Kaleeckal
  14. Ali N. Latif
  15. Riyazuddin M. Shaik
  16. Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim
  17. Gheyath K. Nasrallah
  18. Mohamed G. Al-Kuwari
  19. Adeel A. Butt
  20. Hamad E. Al-Romaihi
  21. Mohamed H. Al-Thani
  22. Abdullatif Al-Khal
  23. Roberto Bertollini
  24. Laith J. Abu-Raddad

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Abstract

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  1. Version published to 10.1056/nejmoa2203965
  2. ScreenIT

    SciScore for 10.1101/2022.03.22.22272745: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    EthicsIRB: Oversight: Hamad Medical Corporation and Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar Institutional Review Boards approved this retrospective study with a waiver of informed consent.
    Consent: Oversight: Hamad Medical Corporation and Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar Institutional Review Boards approved this retrospective study with a waiver of informed consent.
    Sex as a biological variablenot detected.
    Randomization10 Laboratory methods and subvariant ascertainment: The large Omicron-wave exponential-growth phase started on December 19, 2021 and peaked in mid-January, 2022.2-6 A total of 315 random SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens collected between December 19, 2021 and January 22, 2022 were viral whole-genome sequenced on a Nanopore GridION sequencing device.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    No key resources detected.

    Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).

    Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:
    This study has limitations. BA.1 and BA.2 ascertainment was based on proxy criteria, i.e., presence or absence of an S-gene “target failure” using the TaqPath PCR assay, but this method of ascertainment is well established not only for Omicron subvariants, but also for other variants such as Alpha.19,40,41 Some Omicron infections may have been misclassified Delta infections, but this is not likely, as Delta incidence was limited during the study duration (Section S2). While matching was done for sex, age, and nationality, this was not possible for other factors, such as comorbidities, as such data are not available. However, matching by these factors provided demonstrable control of bias in studies of different epidemiologic designs and that used control groups in Qatar.13,14,18,28,29 Effectiveness was assessed using an observational, test-negative, case-control, study design, rather than a design in which cohorts of individuals were followed up. However, the cohort study design applied earlier to the same population yielded findings similar to those of the test-negative case-control design,17,18,42 supporting the validity of this standard approach in assessing immunity protection.3,18,20-23 Moreover, our recent study of effectiveness of boosters relative to primary series used a cohort study design and generated results consistent with the above results.6 Nonetheless, one cannot exclude the possibility that in real-world data, bias could arise in unexpected ways, or from unk...

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.

    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.

    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.

    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.

  3. Version published to 10.1101/2022.03.22.22272745v1 on medRxiv