UV222 disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in solution
This article has been Reviewed by the following groups
Listed in
- Evaluated articles (ScreenIT)
Abstract
There is an urgent need for evidence-based engineering controls to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Although ultraviolet (UV) light is known to inactivate coronaviruses, conventional UV lamps contain toxic mercury and emit wavelengths (254 nm) that are more hazardous to humans than krypton chlorine excimer lamps emitting 222 nm (UV 222 ). Here we used culture and molecular assays to provide the first dose response for SARS-CoV-2 solution exposed to UV 222 . Culture assays (plaque infectivity to Vero host) demonstrated more than 99.99% disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 after a UV 222 dose of 8 mJ/cm 2 (pseudo-first order rate constant = 0.64 cm 2 /mJ). Immediately after UV 222 treatment, RT-qPCR assays targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene demonstrated ~ 10% contribution of N gene damage to disinfection kinetics, and an ELISA assay targeting the N protein demonstrated no contribution of N protein damage to disinfection kinetics. Molecular results suggest other gene and protein damage contributed more to disinfection. After 3 days incubation with host cells, RT-qPCR and ELISA kinetics of UV 222 treated SARS-CoV-2 were similar to culture kinetics, suggesting validity of using molecular assays to measure UV disinfection without culture. These data provide quantitative disinfection kinetics which can inform implementation of UV 222 for preventing transmission of COVID-19.
Article activity feed
-
-
SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.19.21252101: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization Ligation products were transformed into E. coli, and mini-preps of randomly selected colonies were screened via PCR for the presence of insert. Blinding Total incident UV-C irradiance was measured using an International Light Technologies (ILT) 2400 radiometer with a SED 220/U solar blind detector, W Quartz wide eye diffuser for cosine correction, and peak irradiance response NIST-traceable calibration. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources The viral stock used in this study was established by thawing the … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.02.19.21252101: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization Ligation products were transformed into E. coli, and mini-preps of randomly selected colonies were screened via PCR for the presence of insert. Blinding Total incident UV-C irradiance was measured using an International Light Technologies (ILT) 2400 radiometer with a SED 220/U solar blind detector, W Quartz wide eye diffuser for cosine correction, and peak irradiance response NIST-traceable calibration. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources The viral stock used in this study was established by thawing the Batch, diluting it 1:10,000 into incomplete DMEM (Gibco Cat# 11995-065, supplemented with 4.5 g/L D-glucose, 110 mg/L sodium pyruvate), and adding it to T175 flasks of confluent Vero cells (ATCC clone E6) for a one hour incubation period (37°C, 5% CO2), after which the supernatant was removed and replaced with complete DMEM (cDMEM; DMEM as above plus 4% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum). Verosuggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Graphing and Statistics: Graphs were prepared using either GraphPad Prism or Microsoft Excel programs; statistical analyses (including regression using the data analysis add-in to determine standard error of regression coefficients) were performed using these programs’ bundled software. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Microsoft Excelsuggested: (Microsoft Excel, RRID:SCR_016137)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:This study provides the first rigorous UV222 dose response kinetics for SARS-CoV-2 in aqueous solution, but there are limitations that must be acknowledged. Most importantly, this study was conducted using virions suspended in aqueous solution. This is only a starting point for quantifying dose response kinetics for airborne virus disinfection that is most relevant for this virus, where many factors such as temperature, humidity, air flow dynamics, and UV reactor specifics will impact dose responses. Previous studies comparing disinfection kinetics of infectious agents in air at increasing relative humidity to those in water36–41 indicate that these water dose responses may present a conservative estimate of airborne disinfection kinetics because humidity in many indoor environments is conditioned to reduce infectious agent persistence One additional limitation of this study related to UV222 application in indoor environments is that the disinfection impact of any ozone production by vacuum UV wavelengths potentially emitted by the KrCl excilamp was not measured, but can likely be neglected due to high airflows in the biosafety cabinet and BSL3 facility. The negative air quality impacts and building material degradation by ozone potentially generated by these lamps, and the potential health hazards and building material solarization from wavelengths below 240 nm and the nonzero emission at wavelengths above 240 nm (Supplementary Figure S1), should also be considered when weig...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
-