Prolonged and extended impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory neurocircuit
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Abstract
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory pathway was studied over several time points using Syrian golden hamsters. We found an incomplete recovery of the olfactory sensory neurons, prolonged activation of glial cells in the olfactory bulb, and a decrease in the density of dendritic spines within the hippocampus. These data may be useful for elucidating the mechanism underlying long-lasting olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairment as a post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.04.467274: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IACUC: All animal studies are reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at UTMB and are conducted according to the National Institutes of Health guidelines.
Euthanasia Agents: Immunohistochemistry: Hamsters were euthanized using a high-flow rate of CO2 followed by thoracotomy at each time point to collect samples.Sex as a biological variable Animal experiments: Six-week-old female Syrian golden hamsters were purchased from Charles River. Randomization Three regions were randomly selected, with the regions being at least 100 μm apart, and the averaged values were used. Blinding Statistical analysis: To prevent arbitrary analysis, all data were randomly and blindly … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.04.467274: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IACUC: All animal studies are reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at UTMB and are conducted according to the National Institutes of Health guidelines.
Euthanasia Agents: Immunohistochemistry: Hamsters were euthanized using a high-flow rate of CO2 followed by thoracotomy at each time point to collect samples.Sex as a biological variable Animal experiments: Six-week-old female Syrian golden hamsters were purchased from Charles River. Randomization Three regions were randomly selected, with the regions being at least 100 μm apart, and the averaged values were used. Blinding Statistical analysis: To prevent arbitrary analysis, all data were randomly and blindly analyzed by two trained human operators. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Samples were incubated for 12 hr in a solution containing the following primary antibodies: olfactory marker protein (OMP, goat polyclonal, 1:5000 dilution; Wako Chemicals), SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid antibody (rabbit polyclonal, 1:100; Sino Biological), anti-Iba1 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:300; Wako), anti-Iba1 for paraffin section (rabbit polyclonal, 1:300; Wako), anti-Iba1 (goat polyclonal, 1:300; Abcam), anti-NQO1 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:300; Cell Signaling), anti-NQO1 (goat polyclonal, 1:300; Abcam), and anti-GFAP antibody (mouse monoclonal, 1:500; Millipore). SARS-CoV-2suggested: (Bio X Cell Cat# BE0359, RRID:AB_2894778)anti-Iba1suggested: Noneanti-NQO1suggested: Noneanti-GFAPsuggested: NonePrimary antibodies were detected by incubation for 1 hr with a solution containing the following secondary antibodies; goat anti-rabbit Fluor 488, goat anti-mouse Fluor 568, donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488, and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 568 (1:200; Invitrogen). anti-rabbitsuggested: (Molecular Probes Cat# A-11036, RRID:AB_10563566)anti-mouse Fluor 568, donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488, and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 568suggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources SARS-CoV-2 (USA/WA-1/2020) was propagated in Vero E6 cells with DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Subsequently, binary images were overlapped onto the original images and the densities were automatically measured using ImageJ software. ImageJsuggested: (ImageJ, RRID:SCR_003070)R (https://www.r-project.org/) and custom-written Python scripts were used for statistical analysis. https://www.r-project.org/suggested: (R Project for Statistical Computing, RRID:SCR_001905)Pythonsuggested: (IPython, RRID:SCR_001658)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: Please consider improving the rainbow (“jet”) colormap(s) used on page 31. At least one figure is not accessible to readers with colorblindness and/or is not true to the data, i.e. not perceptually uniform.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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