Serum from COVID-19 patients early in the pandemic shows limited evidence of cross-neutralization against variants of concern
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in a variety of clinical symptoms ranging from no or mild to severe disease. Currently, there are multiple postulated mechanisms that may push a moderate to severe disease into a critical state. Human serum contains abundant evidence of the immune status following infection. Cytokines, chemokines, and antibodies can be assayed to determine the extent to which a patient responded to a pathogen. We examined serum and plasma from a cohort of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic and compared them to negative-control sera. Cytokine and chemokine concentrations varied depending on the severity of infection, and antibody responses were significantly increased in severe cases compared to mild to moderate infections. Neutralization data revealed that patients with high titers against an early 2020 SARS-CoV-2 isolate had detectable but limited neutralizing antibodies against the emerging SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta and Delta variants. This study highlights the potential of re-infection for recovered COVID-19 patients.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.10.468174: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: This work was approved by the Indiana University Institutional Review Board (IRB# 2004155084) Sex as a biological variable Of the patients, the average age was 58 years (range 13-93 years), 25 (45%) were female and 27 (49%) had more than one specimen assessed. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication Contamination: Cells and Viruses: Vero E6 cells (mycoplasma negative) were grown at 37°C in 5% CO2 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Wisent Inc.), 2 mM L-glutamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), 50 U/mL penicillin (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.11.10.468174: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: This work was approved by the Indiana University Institutional Review Board (IRB# 2004155084) Sex as a biological variable Of the patients, the average age was 58 years (range 13-93 years), 25 (45%) were female and 27 (49%) had more than one specimen assessed. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication Contamination: Cells and Viruses: Vero E6 cells (mycoplasma negative) were grown at 37°C in 5% CO2 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Wisent Inc.), 2 mM L-glutamine (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), 50 U/mL penicillin (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 50 μg/mL streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Following a one-hour incubation at 37°C, the serum-virus mixture was transferred to 96-well plates containing high-passage Vero E6 cells. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains Sentences Resources SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 was obtained with contributions from B. Zhou, N. Thornburg and S. Tong (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA). SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2suggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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