Longitudinal changes in physical activity during and after the first national lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown reduced physical activity at early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of investigation on longitudinal changes in physical activity beyond lockdowns and stay-at-home orders. Moreover, it is unclear if there is heterogeneity in physical activity growth trajectories. This study aimed to explore longitudinal patterns of physical activity and factors associated with them. Data were from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study. The analytical sample consisted of 35,915 adults in England who were followed up for 22 weeks from 24th March to 23rd August 2020. Data were analysed using growth mixture models. Our analyses identified six classes of growth trajectories, including three stable classes showing little change over time (62.4% in total), two classes showing decreasing physical activity (28.6%), and one class showing increasing physical activity over time (9%). A range of factors were found to be associated the class membership of physical activity trajectories, such as age, gender, education, income, employment status, and health. There is substantial heterogeneity in longitudinal changes in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a substantial proportion of our sample showed persistent physical inactivity or decreasing physical activity. Given the well-established link between physical activity and health, persistent or increased physical inactivity is likely to have both immediate and long-term implications for people’s physical and mental health, as well as general wellbeing. More efforts are needed to promote physical activity during the pandemic and beyond.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.21.21255861: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable These included gender (women, men), ethnicity (white, ethnic minorities), age groups (18-29, 30-45, 46-59, 60+ years), education (GCSEs or below, A-levels or equivalent, degree or above), household income (<£30,000, >£30,000 per annum), employment status (employed throughout, employed at baseline but lost job during the follow-up, unemployed or economically inactive), living arrangement (living alone, living with others but no children, living with others including children), and area of living (city, large town, small town, rural). Randomization The conventional growth modelling approach assumes one homogeneous growth trajectory, allowing individual … SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.21.21255861: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics not detected. Sex as a biological variable These included gender (women, men), ethnicity (white, ethnic minorities), age groups (18-29, 30-45, 46-59, 60+ years), education (GCSEs or below, A-levels or equivalent, degree or above), household income (<£30,000, >£30,000 per annum), employment status (employed throughout, employed at baseline but lost job during the follow-up, unemployed or economically inactive), living arrangement (living alone, living with others but no children, living with others including children), and area of living (city, large town, small town, rural). Randomization The conventional growth modelling approach assumes one homogeneous growth trajectory, allowing individual growth factors to vary randomly around the overall mean. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
No key resources detected.
Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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