Sex and age bias viral burden and interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets

This article has been Reviewed by the following groups

Read the full article See related articles

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) hospitalizations and deaths disportionally affect males and older ages. Here we investigated the impact of male sex and age comparing sex-matched or age-matched ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2. Differences in temperature regulation was identified for male ferrets which was accompanied by prolonged viral replication in the upper respiratory tract after infection. Gene expression analysis of the nasal turbinates indicated that 1-year-old female ferrets had significant increases in interferon response genes post infection which were delayed in males. These results provide insight into COVID-19 and suggests that older males may play a role in viral transmission due to decreased antiviral responses.

Article activity feed

  1. SciScore for 10.1101/2021.01.12.426381: (What is this?)

    Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.

    Table 1: Rigor

    Institutional Review Board StatementIACUC: Ethics Statement: All work was conducted in accordance with the Canadian Council of Animal Care (CCAC) guidelines, AUP number 20200016 by the University Animal Care Committee (
    Randomizationnot detected.
    Blindingnot detected.
    Power Analysisnot detected.
    Sex as a biological variableAnimals, Infections, and Tissue Collection: Adult female (1 year), adult male (1 year) and aged male (2 years) ferrets with intact sex organs were purchased from Triple F Farms (Gillett, PA, USA).
    Cell Line Authenticationnot detected.

    Table 2: Resources

    Experimental Models: Cell Lines
    SentencesResources
    Virus was diluted to 100 TCID50 in vDMEM and used at a 1:1 ratio to plasma, incubated at 37°C for 1 h and added to cultured Vero-76 cells in 96 well plates for 1 h at 37°C.
    Vero-76
    suggested: None
    Software and Algorithms
    SentencesResources
    Trimmed reads were aligned (HISAT277) to the Mustela putorius furo NCBI reference genome assembly version MusPutFur1.0 and sorted using SAMtools.
    SAMtools
    suggested: (SAMTOOLS, RRID:SCR_002105)
    Reads were counted and assigned to gene meta-features using the program featureCounts 78 (Subread package).
    featureCounts
    suggested: (featureCounts, RRID:SCR_012919)
    Sequence and gene expression data are available at the Gene Expression Omnibus (
    Gene Expression Omnibus
    suggested: (Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, RRID:SCR_005012)
    Statistical Analysis: Unpaired, unequal variance, two-tail Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVAs were conducted using GraphPad Prism8 (San Diego, USA).
    GraphPad
    suggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)

    Results from OddPub: Thank you for sharing your data.


    Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.

    Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.


    Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.


    Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.


    Results from rtransparent:
    • Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
    • No protocol registration statement was detected.

    About SciScore

    SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers), and for rigor criteria such as sex and investigator blinding. For details on the theoretical underpinning of rigor criteria and the tools shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.