Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on critical personal protective equipment
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Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 in healthcare settings is concerning, with healthcare workers representing a disproportionately high percentage of confirmed cases. Although SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found to persist on surfaces for a number of days, the extent and duration of fomites as a mode of transmission, particularly in healthcare settings, has not been fully characterized. To shed light on this critical matter, the present study provides the first comprehensive assessment of SARS-CoV-2 stability on experimentally contaminated personal protective equipment (PPE) widely used by healthcare workers and the general public. Persistence of viable virus was monitored over 21 days on eight different materials, including nitrile medical examination gloves, reinforced chemical resistant gloves, N-95 and N-100 particulate respirator masks, Tyvek, plastic, cotton, and stainless steel. Unlike previous reports, viable SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of a soil load persisted for up to 21 days on experimentally inoculated PPE, including materials from filtering facepiece respirators (N-95 and N-100 masks) and a plastic visor. Conversely, when applied to 100% cotton fabric, the virus underwent rapid degradation and became undetectable by TCID 50 assay within 24 h. These findings underline the importance of appropriate handling of contaminated PPE during and following use in high-risk settings and provide interesting insight into the potential utility of cotton in limiting COVID-19 transmission.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128884: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources At the completion of the study, the full remaining volume from each day 21 eluate was added to an individual well of a 6-well plate of Vero E6 cells and monitored for cytopathic effect to ensure even a single viable virus particle was captured. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical Analyses: Graphical representations of TCID50 results, including averages and standard deviations, were … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128884: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources At the completion of the study, the full remaining volume from each day 21 eluate was added to an individual well of a 6-well plate of Vero E6 cells and monitored for cytopathic effect to ensure even a single viable virus particle was captured. Vero E6suggested: RRID:CVCL_XD71)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical Analyses: Graphical representations of TCID50 results, including averages and standard deviations, were performed using GraphPad Prism (version 7) software. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:A potential limitation of this study lies in testing being carried out in a high containment laboratory, where 12 air exchanges per hour may represent a high air flow not necessarily representative of most health facilities, homes and other environments. Additionally, the initial hour of drying time under a biosafety cabinet would have accelerated the drying effect and may have shortened the amount of time to killing of the virus. However, the revealed persistence of up to 21 days was significant and may be the best-case scenario associated with high airflow conditions that can occur in some health care environments. Additionally, the implications of these results and those of others (Chin, Van Doremalen) on the duration of potential fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should be interpreted with caution due to the sampling methodology utilized. Viral recovery was achieved by material saturation in media, enabling recovery of extremely low levels of remaining virus. Had we employed a swabbing method to more closely mimic a casual contact scenario, a decrease in sensitivity would be expected and thus duration of viable virus detection may have been reduced. As a result, the data generated represent a worst-case scenario for potential exposure through these contaminated surfaces, though the risk of fomite transmission through casual contact can only be inferred by the presence of infectious virus at a given time point. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious on ...
Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128884: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources At the completion of the study , the full remaining volume from each day 21 eluate was added to an individual well of a 6-well plate of Vero E6 cells and monitored for cytopathic effect to ensure even a single viable virus particle was captured. Vero E6suggested: CVCL_XD71Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical Analyses Graphical representations of … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128884: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources At the completion of the study , the full remaining volume from each day 21 eluate was added to an individual well of a 6-well plate of Vero E6 cells and monitored for cytopathic effect to ensure even a single viable virus particle was captured. Vero E6suggested: CVCL_XD71Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical Analyses Graphical representations of TCID50 results , including averages and standard deviations , were performed using GraphPad Prism ( version 7 ) software. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not find a statement about open data. We also did not find a statement about open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
About SciScore
SciScore is an automated tool that is designed to assist expert reviewers by finding and presenting formulaic information scattered throughout a paper in a standard, easy to digest format. SciScore is not a substitute for expert review. SciScore checks for the presence and correctness of RRIDs (research resource identifiers) in the manuscript, and detects sentences that appear to be missing RRIDs. SciScore also checks to make sure that rigor criteria are addressed by authors. It does this by detecting sentences that discuss criteria such as blinding or power analysis. SciScore does not guarantee that the rigor criteria that it detects are appropriate for the particular study. Instead it assists authors, editors, and reviewers by drawing attention to sections of the manuscript that contain or should contain various rigor criteria and key resources. For details on the results shown here, including references cited, please follow this link.
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