Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron
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Abstract
The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has been shown to evade a substantial fraction of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by current vaccines that encode the WA1/2020 spike protein 1 . Cellular immune responses, particularly CD8 + T cell responses, probably contribute to protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection 2–6 . Here we show that cellular immunity induced by current vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is highly conserved to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike protein. Individuals who received the Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines demonstrated durable spike-specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cell responses, which showed extensive cross-reactivity against both the Delta and the Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations. Median Omicron spike-specific CD8 + T cell responses were 82–84% of the WA1/2020 spike-specific CD8 + T cell responses. These data provide immunological context for the observation that current vaccines still show robust protection against severe disease with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant despite the substantially reduced neutralizing antibody responses 7,8 .
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SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.02.22268634: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Both studies were approved by the BIDMC institutional review board.
Consent: All participants provided informed consent.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources The plates were washed with ELISPOT wash buffer and incubated for 2-4 h with Biotinylated mouse anti-human IFN-γ monoclonal antibody from MabTech (1 µg/mL). anti-human IFN-γsuggested: None106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells well were re-suspended in 100 µL of R10 media supplemented with CD49d monoclonal antibody (1 µg/mL) and CD28 monoclonal antibody (1 µg/mL). CD49dsuggest…SciScore for 10.1101/2022.01.02.22268634: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics IRB: Both studies were approved by the BIDMC institutional review board.
Consent: All participants provided informed consent.Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources The plates were washed with ELISPOT wash buffer and incubated for 2-4 h with Biotinylated mouse anti-human IFN-γ monoclonal antibody from MabTech (1 µg/mL). anti-human IFN-γsuggested: None106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells well were re-suspended in 100 µL of R10 media supplemented with CD49d monoclonal antibody (1 µg/mL) and CD28 monoclonal antibody (1 µg/mL). CD49dsuggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 347690, RRID:AB_647457)CD28suggested: NoneThe next day, the cells were washed twice with DPBS, stained with aqua live/dead dye for 10 mins and then stained with predetermined titers of monoclonal antibodies against CD279 (clone EH12.1, BB700), CD4 (clone L200, BV711), CD27 (clone M-T271, BUV563), CD8 (clone SK1, BUV805), CD45RA (clone 5H9, APC H7) for 30 min. CD279suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 566460, RRID:AB_2744348)CD4suggested: NoneCD27suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 748705, RRID:AB_2873109)CD8suggested: (Abcam Cat# ab34397, RRID:AB_2291359)CD45RAsuggested: NoneCells were washed twice with 1X Perm Wash buffer (BD Perm/WashTM Buffer 10X in the CytoFix/CytoPerm Fixation/ Permeabilization kit diluted with MilliQ water and passed through 0.22µm filter) and stained with intracellularly with monoclonal antibodies against IFN-γ (clone B27; BUV395), and CD3 (clone SP34.2, Alexa 700), for 30 min. IFN-γsuggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 563563, RRID:AB_2738277)CD3suggested: (BD Biosciences Cat# 556610, RRID:AB_396483)Experimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources In brief, the packaging construct psPAX2 (AIDS Resource and Reagent Program), luciferase reporter plasmid pLenti-CMV Puro-Luc (Addgene) and spike protein expressing pcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2 SΔCT were co-transfected into HEK293T cells (ATCC CRL_3216) with lipofectamine 2000 (ThermoFisher Scientific). HEK293Tsuggested: ATCC Cat# CRL-3216, RRID:CVCL_0063)To determine the neutralization activity of human serum, HEK293T-hACE2 cells were seeded in 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 1.75 × 104 cells per well overnight. HEK293T-hACE2suggested: RRID:CVCL_A7UK)Recombinant DNA Sentences Resources In brief, the packaging construct psPAX2 (AIDS Resource and Reagent Program), luciferase reporter plasmid pLenti-CMV Puro-Luc (Addgene) and spike protein expressing pcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2 SΔCT were co-transfected into HEK293T cells (ATCC CRL_3216) with lipofectamine 2000 (ThermoFisher Scientific). psPAX2suggested: RRID:Addgene_12260)pLenti-CMV Puro-Lucsuggested: NonepcDNA3.1-SARS-CoV-2suggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources Fixed cells were transferred to 96-well round bottom plate and analyzed by BD FACSymphony(tm) system. BD FACSymphony(tmsuggested: NoneData were analyzed using FlowJo v9.9. FlowJosuggested: (FlowJo, RRID:SCR_008520)Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.4.3, (GraphPad Software, San Diego, California). GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)GraphPadsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:
Identifier Status Title NCT04436276 Active, not recruiting A Study of Ad26.COV2.S in Adults (COVID-19) Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
Results from scite Reference Check: We found no unreliable references.
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