Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in 45,965 adults from the general population of the United Kingdom
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Abstract
We report that in a cohort of 45,965 adults, who were receiving either the ChAdOx1 or the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, in those who had no prior infection with SARS-CoV-2, seroconversion rates and quantitative antibody levels after a single dose were lower in older individuals, especially in those aged >60 years. Two vaccine doses achieved high responses across all ages. Antibody levels increased more slowly and to lower levels with a single dose of ChAdOx1 compared with a single dose of BNT162b2, but waned following a single dose of BNT162b2 in older individuals. In descriptive latent class models, we identified four responder subgroups, including a ‘low responder’ group that more commonly consisted of people aged >75 years, males and individuals with long-term health conditions. Given our findings, we propose that available vaccines should be prioritized for those not previously infected and that second doses should be prioritized for individuals aged >60 years. Further data are needed to better understand the extent to which quantitative antibody responses are associated with vaccine-mediated protection.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.22.21255911: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Following verbal agreement to participate, a study worker visited each household to take written informed consent.
IRB: The study received ethical approval from the South Central Berkshire B Research Ethics Committee (20/SC/0195).Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization The survey randomly selects private households on a continuous basis from address lists and previous surveys conducted by the ONS or the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency to provide a representative sample across the four countries comprising the UK (England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland). Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Labo… SciScore for 10.1101/2021.04.22.21255911: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Ethics Consent: Following verbal agreement to participate, a study worker visited each household to take written informed consent.
IRB: The study received ethical approval from the South Central Berkshire B Research Ethics Committee (20/SC/0195).Sex as a biological variable not detected. Randomization The survey randomly selects private households on a continuous basis from address lists and previous surveys conducted by the ONS or the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency to provide a representative sample across the four countries comprising the UK (England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland). Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources Laboratory testing: SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were measured using an ELISA detecting anti-trimeric spike IgG developed by the University of Oxford25,26. anti-trimeric spike IgGsuggested: NoneStatistical analysis: Participants with a SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive nose/throat swab or a prior positive anti-spike IgG antibody result at any time prior to vaccination were considered to have been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of whether they had reported previous symptoms or not. anti-spike IgGsuggested: NoneSoftware and Algorithms Sentences Resources 26 Subsequent testing was performed with a CE-marked version of the assay, the Thermo Fisher OmniPATH 384 Combi SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA, which uses the same antigen, with a colorimetric detection system. Thermo Fisher OmniPATHsuggested: NonePCR of combined nose and throat swabs was undertaken using the Thermo Fisher TaqPath SARS-CoV-2 assay at high-throughput national “Lighthouse” laboratories in Glasgow and Milton Keynes (to 8 February 2021). Thermo Fisher TaqPathsuggested: NonePCR outputs were analysed using UgenTec FastFinder 3.300.5, with an assay-specific algorithm and decision mechanism that allows conversion of amplification assay raw data into test results with minimal manual intervention. UgenTec FastFindersuggested: NoneResults from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: We detected the following sentences addressing limitations in the study:Limitations of our study include currently insufficient data to analyse responses following two doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Further follow up will be required to assess the duration of responses to all vaccines and how variation in interval between first and second doses impacts this. Although our study is broadly representative of those vaccinated to date in the UK, vaccination prioritisation means that we have fewer data on healthy younger adults. Although we show that long-term health conditions as a group are associated with lower antibody responses, additional studies of responses in specific conditions are required to understand its significance for vaccine protection. Our study assesses responses using a single assay; however, responses are calibrated to a monoclonal antibody such that these can be readily compared with other studies. Neutralising antibody and T cell responses were not assayed in this study. However, a recent much smaller study of T-cell responses in healthcare workers found qualitatively similar findings to our study in terms of responses to vaccination23. In summary, in this population-representative study of individuals vaccinated to date in the UK, vaccination results in detectable SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG in the majority of individuals after first vaccination. High rates of seroconversion and high quantitative antibody levels following one dose of vaccine after previous infection and in younger previously uninfected individuals potential...
Results from TrialIdentifier: We found the following clinical trial numbers in your paper:
Identifier Status Title ISRCTN21086382 NA NA Results from Barzooka: We did not find any issues relating to the usage of bar graphs.
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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