Ocular conjunctival inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 can cause mild COVID-19 in rhesus macaques
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly transmitted through the respiratory route, but potential extra-respiratory routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remain uncertain. Here we inoculated five rhesus macaques with 1 × 10 6 TCID 50 of SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivally (CJ), intratracheally (IT), and intragastrically (IG). Nasal and throat swabs collected from CJ and IT had detectable viral RNA at 1–7 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral RNA was detected in anal swabs from only the IT group at 1–7 dpi. Viral RNA was undetectable in tested swabs and tissues after intragastric inoculation. The CJ infected animal had a higher viral load in the nasolacrimal system than the IT infected animal but also showed mild interstitial pneumonia, suggesting distinct virus distributions. This study shows that infection via the conjunctival route is possible in non-human primates; further studies are necessary to compare the relative risk and pathogenesis of infection through these different routes in more detail.
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SciScore for 10.1101/2020.03.13.990036: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, reviewed and authorized all the programs in this research including animals (BLL20001). Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Animal experiments: Five male rhesus macaques (Macaca Mulatta) between the ages of 3 and 5 years were used in this research. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources All sera were collected on 0, 7, 14 and 21 dpi for serologic detection to exam whether there presence the IgG antibodies reactive with … SciScore for 10.1101/2020.03.13.990036: (What is this?)
Please note, not all rigor criteria are appropriate for all manuscripts.
Table 1: Rigor
Institutional Review Board Statement IACUC: The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, reviewed and authorized all the programs in this research including animals (BLL20001). Randomization not detected. Blinding not detected. Power Analysis not detected. Sex as a biological variable Animal experiments: Five male rhesus macaques (Macaca Mulatta) between the ages of 3 and 5 years were used in this research. Cell Line Authentication not detected. Table 2: Resources
Antibodies Sentences Resources All sera were collected on 0, 7, 14 and 21 dpi for serologic detection to exam whether there presence the IgG antibodies reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. IgGsuggested: NoneELISA antibody assay: Sera of Each animal were collected to detect the SARS-CoV-2 antibody through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on 0, 7, 14 and 21 dpi. SARS-CoV-2suggested: NoneSera samples were diluted at 1:100, and then were added to different wells and maintained at 37 °C for 30 minutes, followed by the goat anti-monkey antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (Abcam, ab112767) incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. anti-monkeysuggested: (Abcam Cat# ab112767, RRID:AB_10866625)HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody from ZDR-5307, Beijing ZSGB Biotechnology were maintained at 37°C for 60 min. anti-mouse IgGsuggested: NoneExperimental Models: Cell Lines Sentences Resources Vero cells were applied to the reproduction of SARS-CoV-2 stocks. Verosuggested: CLS Cat# 605372/p622_VERO, RRID:CVCL_0059)Software and Algorithms Sentences Resources Statistical analysis: All data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. GraphPad Prismsuggested: (GraphPad Prism, RRID:SCR_002798)Results from OddPub: We did not detect open data. We also did not detect open code. Researchers are encouraged to share open data when possible (see Nature blog).
Results from LimitationRecognizer: An explicit section about the limitations of the techniques employed in this study was not found. We encourage authors to address study limitations.Results from TrialIdentifier: No clinical trial numbers were referenced.
Results from Barzooka: We found bar graphs of continuous data. We recommend replacing bar graphs with more informative graphics, as many different datasets can lead to the same bar graph. The actual data may suggest different conclusions from the summary statistics. For more information, please see Weissgerber et al (2015).
Results from JetFighter: We did not find any issues relating to colormaps.
Results from rtransparent:- Thank you for including a conflict of interest statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- Thank you for including a funding statement. Authors are encouraged to include this statement when submitting to a journal.
- No protocol registration statement was detected.
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